Temporal and spatial patterns of ambient endotoxin concentrations in Fresno, California.
Temporal and spatial patterns of ambient endotoxin concentrations in Fresno, California.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.0901602
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发表时间：
2010-10
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Hammond SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tager IB;Lurmann FW;Haight T;Alcorn S;Penfold B;Hammond SK
内毒素存在于人类活动和宠物产生的室内灰尘、土壤中，并吸附在周围燃烧颗粒的表面上。内毒素浓度与儿童的呼吸道症状以及过敏性反应和哮喘的风险有关。我们描述了位于加州中央谷的弗雷斯诺/克洛维斯（加州）环境内毒素的时空变异性，以确定哮喘儿童队列中环境内毒素浓度的相关性和潜在预测因子[弗雷斯诺哮喘儿童环境研究（FACES）]。2001年5月至2004年10月期间，在弗雷斯诺的加州空气资源委员会的中央环境监测点收集每日环境内毒素和空气污染物，并在较短的时间内，在10所学校和室内和室外的84个住宅在社区。分析仅限于5月至10月，这是内毒素浓度最高的干燥月份。每日内毒素浓度模式主要取决于气象因素，特别是空气停滞的程度。在远离农业活动的地区，总体浓度最低。在农田/牧场的下风向附近发现了最高浓度。在其他三种测量的空气污染物[细颗粒物，元素碳（弗雷斯诺交通标志）和粗颗粒物（PMc）]中，PMc是唯一与内毒素相关的污染物。然而，内毒素是最具空间变异性的。我们的数据支持需要评估内毒素浓度的空间/时间变异性，而不是依赖于在一个位置，在暴露和呼吸系统健康影响的研究，特别是在儿童哮喘和其他慢性呼吸系统疾病。
Endotoxins are found in indoor dust generated by human activity and pets, in soil, and adsorbed onto the surfaces of ambient combustion particles. Endotoxin concentrations have been associated with respiratory symptoms and the risk of atopy and asthma in children. We characterized the temporal and spatial variability of ambient endotoxin in Fresno/Clovis, California, located in California’s Central Valley, to identify correlates and potential predictors of ambient endotoxin concentrations in a cohort of children with asthma [Fresno Asthmatic Children’s Environment Study (FACES)]. Between May 2001 and October 2004, daily ambient endotoxin and air pollutants were collected at the central ambient monitoring site of the California Air Resources Board in Fresno and, for shorter time periods, at 10 schools and indoors and outdoors at 84 residences in the community. Analyses were restricted to May–October, the dry months during which endotoxin concentrations are highest. Daily endotoxin concentration patterns were determined mainly by meteorologic factors, particularly the degree of air stagnation. Overall concentrations were lowest in areas distant from agricultural activities. Highest concentrations were found in areas immediately downwind from agricultural/pasture land. Among three other measured air pollutants [fine particulate matter, elemental carbon (a marker of traffic in Fresno), and coarse particulate matter (PMc)], PMc was the only pollutant correlated with endotoxin. Endotoxin, however, was the most spatially variable. Our data support the need to evaluate the spatial/temporal variability of endotoxin concentrations, rather than relying on a few measurements made at one location, in studies of exposure and and respiratory health effects, particularly in children with asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Dales R;Miller D;Ruest K;Guay M;Judek S
通讯作者：
Judek S
影响因子：
12.4
作者：
Douwes, J.;Travier, N.;Pearce, N.
通讯作者：
Pearce, N.
DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9909118
发表时间：
2000-10-01
影响因子：
24.7
作者：
Douwes, J;Zuidhof, A;Brunekreef, B
通讯作者：
Brunekreef, B
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Monn, C;Naef, R;Koller, T
通讯作者：
Koller, T
影响因子：
14.2
作者：
Douwes, J;Le Gros, G;Pearce, N
通讯作者：
Pearce, N