When “shoe” becomes free from “putting on”: The link between early meanings of object words and object-specific actions
When “shoe” becomes free from “putting on”: The link between early meanings of object words and object-specific actions
复制标题
当“鞋”摆脱“穿上”的束缚：宾语词的早期含义与特定对象的动作之间的联系
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105177
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sakagami Masa-aki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hagihara Hiromichi;Yamamoto Hiroki;Moriguchi Yusuke;Sakagami Masa-aki
与指代动作的动词相比，指代物体的名词在儿童的早期词汇中占主导地位。然而，一些学者认为，早期的宾语意义不能轻易地划分为特定的宾语类别；相反，它们具有许多无差别的含义，其中对象及其具体行为相互交织。我们使用一项涉及 18 至 23 个月的幼儿 (n= 69) 的两项强制选择任务，对这一观点进行了实验研究。横截面和纵向结果都表明，与年龄较大的幼儿不同，当物体和特定物体的动作分开呈现时（例如，“用鞋子做填充动作”与“像鞋子一样穿上填充物体”），年轻的孩子无法选择正确的指称，尽管当两者匹配时会成功（例如，“穿上鞋子”与“用填充物体做填充动作”）。此外，幼儿无法仅通过特定于物体的动作来判断物体词所指的事物。这些结果表明，早期的物体-词意义构成了物体和动作的无差别融合，随后它们分化为独立于动作的特定物体类别。此外，这种语义分化的程度与动作词的词汇量增长相关，这表明物体与词的含义分化鼓励幼儿开发新的标签来区分特定动作和物体。这些发现揭示了幼儿宾语理解的独特性，与成人不同。
Nouns referring to objects dominate children's early vocabulary over verbs referring to actions. However, some scholars have argued that early object-word meanings cannot be easily classified into specific object categories; rather, they have much undifferentiated meanings in which both objects and their specific actions are intertwined. We experimentally investigated this view using a two-alternative forced-choice task involving toddlers aged 18–23 months (n= 69). Both the cross-sectional and longitudinal results suggested that unlike older toddlers, younger ones could not select the correct referents when objects and object-specific actions were presented separately (e.g., “doing a filler action with shoes” vs. “putting on filler objects as if they were shoes”) despite being successful when both were matched (e.g., “putting shoes on” vs. “doing a filler action with filler objects”). Additionally, toddlers failed to judge object-word referents solely by object-specific actions. These results indicated that early object-word meanings constitute the undifferentiated fusion of both objects and actions, and they subsequently differentiate into specific object categories independent of actions. Furthermore, the extent of such semantic differentiation is associated with the vocabulary growth of action words, suggesting that object-word meaning differentiation encouraged toddlers to develop new labels that could distinguish specific actions from objects. These findings revealed the uniqueness of young children's object-word comprehension, which is different from that of adults.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4
作者：
MCCUNE, L
通讯作者：
MCCUNE, L
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
McDonough C;Song L;Hirsh-Pasek K;Golinkoff RM;Lannon R
通讯作者：
Lannon R
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Nelson, DGK;Russell, R;Jones, K
通讯作者：
Jones, K
儿童和成人比标签更容易学习物体的动作
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Erin R. Hahn;L. Gershkoff
通讯作者：
L. Gershkoff
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Smith, LB;Jones, SS;Samuelson, L
通讯作者：
Samuelson, L