Human toxoplasmosis in Mozambique: gaps in knowledge and research opportunities.

Human toxoplasmosis in Mozambique: gaps in knowledge and research opportunities.
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DOI:
10.1186/s13071-020-04441-3
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发表时间:
2020-11-11
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Noormahomed EV
Noormahomed EV
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Manuel L;Santos-Gomes G;Noormahomed EV

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弓形虫病是一种由弓形虫引起的人畜共患寄生虫病,在世界范围内危害人类以及野生和家养温血动物。在免疫功能正常的个体中,感染的急性期表现出短暂的低或轻度症状,这些症状仍未被注意到。在免疫功能低下的患者中,T.弓形虫是一种危及生命的机会性感染,可由潜伏感染或原发感染的再激活引起。此外,先天性弓形虫病是由妊娠原发感染期间速殖子经胎盘进入胎儿引起的,可导致流产、死胎或新生儿的眼部和神经系统疾病以及神经认知缺陷。因此,本综述旨在解决目前的知识T。在非洲,特别是莫桑比克,弓形虫感染和弓形虫病,强调确定风险因素和提高卫生保健提供者和人口的认识,评估知识差距和确定研究优先事项的重要性。在莫桑比克,以及一般的南部非洲国家,临床疾病和流行病学数据尚未完全解决,除了T。免疫功能正常者和孕妇的弓形虫感染及其与神经精神疾病的关系莫桑比克在知识方面的主要差距包括缺乏对疾病的认识,卫生设施缺乏诊断方法,缺乏遗传数据,以及缺乏控制战略。
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii that afflicts humans worldwide and wild and domestic warm-blooded animals. In immunocompetent individuals, the acute phase of infection presents transient low or mild symptoms that remain unnoticed. In immunocompromised patients, T. gondii is a life-threatening opportunistic infection, which can result from the reactivation of latent infection or primary infection. Moreover, congenital toxoplasmosis, which results from the transplacental passage of tachyzoites into the fetus during a pregnant primary infection, can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or ocular and neurologic disease, and neurocognitive deficits in the newborns. Thus, the present review aims to address the current knowledge of T. gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in Africa and especially in Mozambique, stressing the importance of identifying risk factors and promote awareness among the health care providers and population, assessing the gaps in knowledge and define research priorities. In Mozambique, and in general in southern African countries, clinical disease and epidemiological data have not yet been entirely addressed in addition to the implications of T. gondii infection in immunocompetent individuals, in pregnant women, and its relation with neuropsychiatric disorders. The main gaps in knowledge in Mozambique include lack of awareness of the disease, lack of diagnostic methods in health facilities, lack of genetic data, and lack of control strategies.
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