The genetics of Tourette syndrome: a review.

The genetics of Tourette syndrome: a review.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.06.006
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发表时间:
2009-12
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
Pauls, David L.
Pauls, David L.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
O'Rourke, Julia A.;Scharf, Jeremiah M.;Yu, Dongmei;Pauls, David L.

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本文对妥瑞氏综合征(GTS)的遗传学研究进展进行了综述和评价。本文对近年来有关GTS的文献进行了综述:1)GTS的遗传病因;2) GTS、注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和强迫症(OCD)的共同遗传成分;3) GTS的近期连锁研究;4) GTS染色体易位;5)候选基因研究。家庭、双胞胎和分离研究为GTS的遗传性质提供了强有力的证据。GTS是一种具有复杂遗传模式和表型表现的异质性疾病。对GTS和强迫症的家庭研究表明,早发型强迫症可能与GTS有共同的遗传因素。虽然GTS和ADHD之间存在明显的病因学关系,但似乎常见形式的ADHD与GTS没有共同的遗传因素。迄今为止最大的全基因组连锁研究发现染色体2p23.2上存在连锁的证据(P=3.8 × 10−5)。目前还没有发现致病的候选基因,最近的研究表明,新发现的候选基因SLITRK1并不是大多数GTS患者的主要风险基因。GTS的遗传学很复杂,还没有得到很好的理解。全基因组关联研究(GWAS)的设计有望克服连锁和候选基因研究的局限性。然而,需要大规模的合作来提供足够的力量来利用GWAS设计来发现致病突变。对易感突变和相关生物学途径的了解最终将导致GTS的新治疗范式。
This paper summarizes and evaluates recent advances in the genetics of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS). This is a review of recent literature focusing on: 1) the genetic etiology of GTS; 2) common genetic components of GTS, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD); 3) recent linkage studies of GTS; 4) chromosomal translocations in GTS; and 5) candidate gene studies. Family, twin and segregation studies provide strong evidence for the genetic nature of GTS. GTS is a heterogeneous disorder with complex inheritance patterns and phenotypic manifestations. Family studies of GTS and OCD indicate that an early onset form of OCD is likely to share common genetic factors with GTS. While there apparently is an etiological relationship between GTS and ADHD, it appears that the common form of ADHD does not share genetic factors with GTS. The largest genome wide linkage study to date observed evidence for linkage on chromosome 2p23.2 (P=3.8 × 10−5). No causative candidate genes have been identified, and recent studies suggest that the newly identified candidate gene SLITRK1 is not a major risk gene for the majority of individuals with GTS. The genetics of GTS are complex and not well understood. The Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) design can hopefully overcome the limitations of linkage and candidate gene studies. However, large-scale collaborations are needed to provide enough power to utilize the GWAS design for discovery of causative mutations. Knowledge of susceptibility mutations and biological pathways involved should eventually lead to new treatment paradigms for GTS.
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