A growing role for gender analysis in air pollution epidemiology.

A growing role for gender analysis in air pollution epidemiology.
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DOI:
10.1289/ehp.0900994
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发表时间:
2010-02
影响因子:
10.4
通讯作者:
Clougherty JE
Clougherty JE
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Clougherty JE

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关于空气污染对呼吸系统健康影响的流行病学研究报告显示,不同性别的空气污染对呼吸系统健康的影响有显著差异,但结果并不一致。重要的是,目前还不清楚是否修改是由于社会衍生的性别暴露,性连锁的生理差异,或一些相互作用。性别分析旨在分解男性和女性之间的社会差异和生物差异,可能有助于阐明这些可能的效应改变来源。于2009年7月进行了PubMed文献检索,使用术语“呼吸”和任何“性别”或“性别”或“男性和女性”或“男孩和女孩”以及“PM2.5”(空气动力学直径≥ 2.5 μm的颗粒物)或“NO2”(二氧化氮)。我回顾了已识别的研究,以及其中引用的其他研究,以总结当前效应改变的证据,并注意作者对观察到的差异的解释。由于暴露组合、结局和分析技术存在广泛差异,很少有研究检查其任何给定组合,因此认为此时不适合进行荟萃分析。对成年人的更多研究报告说,对妇女的影响更大,特别是对老年人或在使用住宅暴露评估的情况下。对儿童的研究表明,男孩在生命早期受到的影响更大,女孩在童年后期受到的影响更大。定性审查描述了男女之间空气污染反应差异的可能来源,这可能因生命阶段、共同暴露、激素状态或其他因素而异。观察到的影响修改的来源仍然不清楚,虽然性别分析的方法可能有助于解开性别和性别差异的污染反应。一个框架,将性别分析纳入环境流行病学,沿着几个潜在的有用的方法,从性别分析。
Epidemiologic studies of air pollution effects on respiratory health report significant modification by sex, although results are not uniform. Importantly, it remains unclear whether modifications are attributable to socially derived gendered exposures, to sex-linked physiological differences, or to some interplay thereof. Gender analysis, which aims to disaggregate social from biological differences between males and females, may help to elucidate these possible sources of effect modification. A PubMed literature search was performed in July 2009, using the terms “respiratory” and any of “sex” or “gender” or “men and women” or “boys and girls” and either “PM2.5” (particulate matter ≥ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) or “NO2” (nitrogen dioxide). I reviewed the identified studies, and others cited therein, to summarize current evidence of effect modification, with attention to authors’ interpretation of observed differences. Owing to broad differences in exposure mixes, outcomes, and analytic techniques, with few studies examining any given combination thereof, meta-analysis was not deemed appropriate at this time. More studies of adults report stronger effects among women, particularly for older persons or where using residential exposure assessment. Studies of children suggest stronger effects among boys in early life and among girls in later childhood. The qualitative review describes possible sources of difference in air pollution response between women and men, which may vary by life stage, coexposures, hormonal status, or other factors. The sources of observed effect modifications remain unclear, although gender analytic approaches may help to disentangle gender and sex differences in pollution response. A framework for incorporating gender analysis into environmental epidemiology is offered, along with several potentially useful methods from gender analysis.
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影响因子: 10.4
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