Covert skill learning in a cortical-basal ganglia circuit.
Covert skill learning in a cortical-basal ganglia circuit.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature11078
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发表时间：
2012-05-20
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Brainard, Michael S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charlesworth, Jonathan D.;Warren, Timothy L.;Brainard, Michael S.
我们通过一个循序渐进的试错过程来学习复杂的技能，比如演讲和舞蹈。皮层-基底节环路在这种反复尝试的技能学习中具有重要但尚未解决的功能；有影响力的“演员-批评者”模型提出，基底节环路在训练期间产生各种行为，并学习在其剧目中实施成功的行为。在这里，我们表明，前脑前通路(AFP)，一个皮质-基底节回路，有助于技能学习，即使它不有助于在训练期间行为表现的这种“探索性”变化。在训练孟加拉雀鸟修改它们的歌声时，阻止法新社的输出，阻止了这项复杂技能在训练期间通常会出现的逐渐提高。然而，在训练结束后解除对AFP输出的封锁，导致AFP立即从幼稚的表现转变为优秀的表现，这表明AFP秘密获得了实施所学技能表现的能力，而不是对技能练习做出贡献。相反，在训练期间使AFP的输出核失活完全阻止了学习，这表明学习需要在训练期间AFP内的活动。我们的结果提出了一种修正的技能学习模型：基底节回路可以监控其他大脑区域产生的行为变化的后果，然后指导这些大脑区域实施更成功的行为。AFP识别其他大脑区域产生的成功行为的能力表明，基底节回路接收到这些区域运动前活动的详细传出副本。AFP执行最初由其他大脑区域产生的成功行为的能力表明，基底节回路和直接控制行为的运动区之间存在精确的功能联系。
We learn complex skills such as speech and dance through a gradual process of trial and error. Cortical-basal ganglia circuits have an important yet unresolved function in this trial-and-error skill learning; influential ‘actor–critic’ models propose that basal ganglia circuits generate a variety of behaviours during training and learn to implement the successful behaviours in their repertoire,. Here we show that the anterior forebrain pathway (AFP), a cortical-basal ganglia circuit, contributes to skill learning even when it does not contribute to such ‘exploratory’ variation in behavioural performance during training. Blocking the output of the AFP while training Bengalese finches to modify their songs prevented the gradual improvement that normally occurs in this complex skill during training. However, unblocking the output of the AFP after training caused an immediate transition from naive performance to excellent performance, indicating that the AFP covertly gained the ability to implement learned skill performance without contributing to skill practice. In contrast, inactivating the output nucleus of the AFP during training completely prevented learning, indicating that learning requires activity within the AFP during training. Our results suggest a revised model of skill learning: basal ganglia circuits can monitor the consequences of behavioural variation produced by other brain regions and then direct those brain regions to implement more successful behaviours. The ability of the AFP to identify successful performances generated by other brain regions indicates that basal ganglia circuits receive a detailed efference copy of premotor activity in those regions. The capacity of the AFP to implement successful performances that were initially produced by other brain regions indicates precise functional connections between basal ganglia circuits and the motor regions that directly control performance.
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1390.006
发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
REWARD AND DECISION MAKING IN CORTICOBASAL GANGLIA NETWORKS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Balleine, Bernard W.;Ostlund, Sean B.
通讯作者：
Ostlund, Sean B.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
KRUPA, DJ;THOMPSON, JK;THOMPSON, RF
通讯作者：
THOMPSON, RF
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Tumer, Evren C.;Brainard, Michael S.
通讯作者：
Brainard, Michael S.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Turner RS;Desmurget M
通讯作者：
Desmurget M
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Oelveczky, Bence P.;Otchy, Timothy M.;Fee, Michale S.
通讯作者：
Fee, Michale S.