Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a vigorous tutor.

Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a vigorous tutor.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.conb.2010.08.022
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发表时间:
2010-12
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Desmurget M
Desmurget M
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Turner RS;Desmurget M

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基底神经节(BG)在运动控制中的作用备受争议。许多有影响力的假说源自研究,在这些研究中,BG 的输出信号并未被阻断,而是受到病理性干扰。这种方法的一个弱点是,由此产生的行为障碍反映了 BG 本身功能的退化,以及 BG 接受者大脑区域的继发性功能障碍。为了克服这一限制,一些研究集中在 BG 的主要骨骼运动输出区域——苍白球内部 (GPi)。使用单细胞记录和失活方案,这些研究为两个假设提供了一致的支持:BG 根据动机因素(即特定环境的成本/奖励函数)调节运动表现(“活力”),BG 有助于运动学习。这些研究的结果也增加了理论所面临的问题,这些理论认为 BG 选择运动、抑制不需要的运动反应、在线纠正错误或存储和产生良好的运动技能。
The roles of the basal ganglia (BG) in motor control are much debated. Many influential hypotheses have grown from studies in which output signals of the BG were not blocked, but pathologically-disturbed. A weakness of that approach is that the resulting behavioral impairments reflect degraded function of the BG per se mixed together with secondary dysfunctions of BG-recipient brain areas. To overcome that limitation, several studies have focused on the main skeletomotor output region of the BG, the globus pallidus internus (GPi). Using single-cell recording and inactivation protocols these studies provide consistent support for two hypotheses: the BG modulates movement performance (“vigor”) according to motivational factors (i.e., context-specific cost/reward functions) and the BG contributes to motor learning. Results from these studies also add to the problems that confront theories positing that the BG selects movement, inhibits unwanted motor responses, corrects errors online, or stores and produces well-learned motor skills.
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