The invasive chytrid fungus of amphibians paralyzes lymphocyte responses.

The invasive chytrid fungus of amphibians paralyzes lymphocyte responses.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.1243316
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发表时间:
2013-10-18
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rollins-Smith LA
Rollins-Smith LA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fites JS;Ramsey JP;Holden WM;Collier SP;Sutherland DM;Reinert LK;Gayek AS;Dermody TS;Aune TM;Oswald-Richter K;Rollins-Smith LA

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壶菌,水蛭壶菌(Batrachochytrium dendroatidis),引起壶菌病,是全球两栖动物数量减少的主要原因。虽然两栖动物有强大的免疫防御,但清除这种病原体是受损的。由于抑制宿主免疫是致病真菌的一种常见生存策略,我们假设树线虫通过抑制免疫功能来逃避清除。我们发现树突双歧杆菌细胞和上清液损害淋巴细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡;然而,巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞对真菌的识别和吞噬功能并未受损。真菌抑制因子对热、酸和蛋白酶具有抗性。它们的产生在游动孢子中不存在,并被nikkomycin Z减少,表明它们可能是细胞壁的成分。逃避宿主免疫可以解释为什么这种病原体在世界范围内摧毁两栖动物种群。
The chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, causes chytridiomycosis and is a major contributor to global amphibian declines. Although amphibians have robust immune defenses, clearance of this pathogen is impaired. Because inhibition of host immunity is a common survival strategy of pathogenic fungi, we hypothesized that B. dendrobatidis evades clearance by inhibiting immune functions. We found that B. dendrobatidis cells and supernantants impaired lymphocyte proliferation and induced apoptosis; however, fungal recognition and phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils was not impaired. Fungal inhibitory factors were resistant to heat, acid, and protease. Their production was absent in zoospores and reduced by nikkomycin Z, suggesting that they may be components of the cell wall. Evasion of host immunity may explain why this pathogen has devastated amphibian populations worldwide.
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