Discourse coherence modulates use of predictive processing during sentence comprehension
Discourse coherence modulates use of predictive processing during sentence comprehension
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话语连贯性调节句子理解过程中预测处理的使用
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105637
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Carter G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter G
语境对理解至关重要。词汇加工促进时，词是高度可预测的，鉴于其本地的句子上下文，这表明人们预先激活可能即将到来的话，以帮助理解。然而，这种促进作用受到理解发生的全球背景知识的影响：人们在经常违反预期的环境中预测较少。本研究探讨了语篇连贯是否是被试用来调节词汇预测的额外线索。在一系列在线自定进度的阅读实验中，参与者阅读目标句子，然后阅读简短的上下文。局部促进效应通过目标句中关键词的完形填空概率来操纵，而语篇连贯性则通过改变目标句与序言中所呈现信息的一致程度来操纵。在前两个实验中，当目标句子出现在连贯性较差的语篇中时，目标句子的阅读速度会更慢，但没有观察到局部促进效应。在实验三中，我们通过使用语义异常的批评词来加强可预测性操作。在这个实验中，可预测的话更快地处理和异常的话更慢，当他们出现在高度连贯的话语。我们的研究结果表明，在话语的主题转移，他们下调预测过程中，当他们遇到不连贯的话语。这与最近的理论解释是一致的，这些理论解释表明，当他们的期望不太可能是可靠的时，预测者灵活地参与预测处理，预激活语义和词汇信息较少。
Context has been shown to be vitally important for comprehension. Lexical processing is facilitated when words are highly predictable given their local sentence context, suggesting that people pre-activate likely upcoming words to aid comprehension. However, this facilitation is affected by knowledge about the global context in which comprehension takes place: people predict less when in an environment where expectations are frequently violated. The current study investigated whether discourse coherence is an additional cue that comprehenders use to modulate lexical prediction. In a series of online, self-paced reading experiments, participants read target sentences preceded by short contextual preambles. Local facilitation effects were manipulated through the cloze probability of a critical word within the target sentence and discourse coherence was manipulated by varying the degree to which the target sentence was consistent with the information presented in the preamble. In the first two experiments, target sentences were read more slowly when they occurred in less coherent discourses, but no local facilitation effects were observed. In the third experiment, we strengthened the predictability manipulation by using semantically anomalous critical words. In this experiment, predictable words were processed more quickly and anomalous words more slowly when they occurred in highly coherent discourse. Our results suggest that comprehenders are sensitive to shifts in the topic of discourse and that they downregulate predictive processing when they encounter incoherence in the discourse. This is consistent with recent theoretical accounts suggesting that comprehenders flexibly engage in predictive processing, pre-activating semantic and lexical information less when their expectations are less likely to be reliable.
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影响因子：
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