Distributed Learning: Data, Metacognition, and Educational Implications

Distributed Learning: Data, Metacognition, and Educational Implications
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分布式学习:数据、元认知和教育意义

DOI:
10.1007/s10648-012-9206-y
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
10.1
通讯作者:
Dominic Simon
Dominic Simon
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lisa K. Son;Dominic Simon

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学习期间必须做出的一个重大决定涉及学习的分配或安排。在本文中,我们回顾了关于间隔学习的好处的文献,或者将一个人的学习时间分散在相对较远的时间上,与集中学习相比,集中学习是在一个长时间的学习过程中不间断地进行的。实验室研究的结果为这种普遍存在的“间隔效应”提供了强有力的证据,尤其是对于长期记忆而言。然而,关于间距的元认知文献表明,聚集是首选策略,尤其是对于幼儿。我们讨论了造成这种情况的原因,并提出了一些关于如何在现实世界的学习中鼓励间隔策略的建议。虽然进一步的研究和适用性问题仍然存在,但教育和认知科学这两个领域近年来取得了巨大进展,带来了有希望的新学习发展。
A major decision that must be made during study pertains to the distribution, or the scheduling, of study. In this paper, we review the literature on the benefits of spacing, or spreading one's study sessions relatively far apart in time, as compared to massing, where study is crammed into one long session without breaks. The results from laboratory research provide strong evidence for this pervasive “spacing effect,” especially for long-term retention. The metacognitive literature on spacing, however, suggests that massing is the preferred strategy, particularly in young children. Reasons for why this is so are discussed as well as a few recommendations regarding how spacing strategies might be encouraged in real-world learning. While further research and applicability questions remain, the two fields—education and cognitive science—have made huge progress in recent years, resulting in promising new learning developments.
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