Neural mechanisms of brain plasticity with complex cognitive training in healthy seniors.
Neural mechanisms of brain plasticity with complex cognitive training in healthy seniors.
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bht234
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发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lu H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman SB;Aslan S;Spence JS;Hart JJ Jr;Bartz EK;Didehbani N;Keebler MW;Gardner CM;Strain JF;DeFina LF;Lu H
复杂的精神活动可以改善动物和年轻人的认知、大脑功能和结构。目前还不清楚老化的大脑能在多大程度上具有这种可塑性。这项研究扩大了先前的证据，即健康老年人经过心理训练后，普遍获得了认知能力。使用3种基于MRI的测量，即动脉自旋标记MRI、功能连接性和扩散张量成像，我们在接受认知训练的随机样本(n=37)和对照组中，检查了训练前、训练中和训练后(12周)三个时间点的大脑变化。我们发现安静时与训练相关的大脑状态发生了显著的变化；具体地说，1)全局和局部脑血流量(CBF)增加，特别是在默认模式网络和中央执行网络中，2)这些相同网络中更大的连接性，以及3)左侧钩状体内白质完整性的增加，表现为分数各向异性的增加。认知方面的改善与认知收益的显著CBF相关被确定。我们认为认知训练增强了静息状态的神经活动和连接，通过神经血管耦合增加了对这些区域的血液供应。这些收敛的结果提供了初步证据，表明可以通过认知训练来利用神经可塑性来减轻老年人的大脑损失。
Complex mental activity induces improvements in cognition, brain function, and structure in animals and young adults. It is not clear to what extent the aging brain is capable of such plasticity. This study expands previous evidence of generalized cognitive gains after mental training in healthy seniors. Using 3 MRI-based measurements, that is, arterial spin labeling MRI, functional connectivity, and diffusion tensor imaging, we examined brain changes across 3 time points pre, mid, and post training (12 weeks) in a randomized sample (n = 37) who received cognitive training versus a control group. We found significant training-related brain state changes at rest; specifically, 1) increases in global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), particularly in the default mode network and the central executive network, 2) greater connectivity in these same networks, and 3) increased white matter integrity in the left uncinate demonstrated by an increase in fractional anisotropy. Improvements in cognition were identified along with significant CBF correlates of the cognitive gains. We propose that cognitive training enhances resting-state neural activity and connectivity, increasing the blood supply to these regions via neurovascular coupling. These convergent results provide preliminary evidence that neural plasticity can be harnessed to mitigate brain losses with cognitive training in seniors.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0504136102
发表时间：
2005-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fox, MD;Snyder, AZ;Raichle, ME
通讯作者：
Raichle, ME
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Ball, K;Berch, DB;Willis, SL
通讯作者：
Willis, SL
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Boyke, Janina;Driemeyer, Joenna;May, Arne
通讯作者：
May, Arne
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
MacIntosh, B. J.;Marquardt, L.;Bothwell, P. M.
通讯作者：
Bothwell, P. M.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Cracchiolo, Jennifer R.;Mori, Takashi;Arendash, Gary W.
通讯作者：
Arendash, Gary W.