Decoding the epigenetic language of plant development.
Decoding the epigenetic language of plant development.
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DOI：
10.1093/mp/ssq026
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发表时间：
2010-07
期刊：
影响因子：
27.5
通讯作者：
Cao XF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahmad A;Zhang Y;Cao XF
表观遗传学是指研究基因表达或细胞表型的可遗传变化而不改变DNA序列。基因表达的表观遗传调控通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、组蛋白变体、染色质重塑来完成，并且可能涉及小RNA。DNA甲基化是由DNA甲基转移酶完成的，它参与了许多细胞过程，如转座因子和近着丝粒重复序列的沉默、X染色体失活和基因组印记等。组蛋白修饰是指组蛋白上化学基团的翻译后共价连接，如磷酸化、乙酰化和甲基化等。组蛋白变体，氨基酸序列不同于典型组蛋白的非典型组蛋白对基因组的表观遗传影响与典型组蛋白不同。由染色质重塑蛋白维持或修饰的染色质高级结构在调节基因表达中也起重要作用。小的非编码RNA在转录前和转录后水平的基因表达调控中发挥各种作用。《分子植物》的一期特刊《表观遗传学与植物发育》（第4卷，第2期，2009年）发表了各种文章，涵盖了植物发育的表观遗传调控的许多方面。我们试图在这里提出一个鸟瞰这些可信的努力了解神秘的世界表观遗传学。大多数文章是关于染色质修饰蛋白的，包括组蛋白修饰物、组蛋白变体和染色质重塑蛋白，它们调节各种发育过程，如开花时间、春化、干细胞维持以及对激素和环境胁迫的响应等，而对种子转录组表达的调节除了PcG蛋白活性、副突变和物种杂交中的表观遗传障碍外，PHE 1印迹中的直接串联重复元件的参与也被很好地描述。最后两篇论文是关于Pol V介导的异染色质形成独立于24 nt-siRNA和基因组位置和组织类型对基因表达的表观遗传调控的影响。这些发现不仅进一步加深了我们目前对许多生物现象中所涉及的表观遗传机制的理解，而且通过提出许多新的问题，为未来的工作铺平了道路。
Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype without changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is accomplished by DNA methylation, histone modifications, histone variants, chromatin remodeling, and may involve small RNAs. DNA methylation at cytosine is carried out by enzymes called DNA Methyltransferases and is involved in many cellular processes, such as silencing of transposable elements and pericentromeric repeats, X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting, etc. Histone modifications refer to posttranslational covalent attachment of chemical groups onto histones such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation, etc. Histone variants, the non-canonical histones with amino acid sequences divergent from canonical histones, can have different epigenetic impacts on the genome from canonical histones. Higher-order chromatin structures maintained or modified by chromatin remodeling proteins also play important roles in regulating gene expression. Small non-coding RNAs play various roles in the regulation of gene expression at pre- as well as posttranscriptional levels. A special issue of Molecular Plant on ‘Epigenetics and Plant Development’ (Volume 4, Number 2, 2009) published a variety of articles covering many aspects of epigenetic regulation of plant development. We have tried here to present a bird's-eye view of these credible efforts towards understanding the mysterious world of epigenetics. The majority of the articles are about the chromatin modifying proteins, including histone modifiers, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling proteins that regulate various developmental processes, such as flowering time, vernalization, stem cell maintenance, and response to hormonal and environmental stresses, etc. Regulation of expression of seed transcriptome, involvement of direct tandem repeat elements in the PHE1 imprinting in addition to PcG proteins activity, paramutation, and epigenetic barriers in species hybridization are described well. The last two papers are about the Pol V-mediated heterochromatin formation independent of the 24nt-siRNA and the effect of genome position and tissue type on epigenetic regulation of gene expression. These findings not only further our current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms involved in many biological phenomena, but also pave the path for the future work, by raising many new questions that are discussed in the following lines.
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影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Brickner DG;Cajigas I;Fondufe-Mittendorf Y;Ahmed S;Lee PC;Widom J;Brickner JH
通讯作者：
Brickner JH
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Chanvivattana, Y;Bishopp, A;Goodrich, J
通讯作者：
Goodrich, J
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Ach, RA;Taranto, P;Gruissem, W
通讯作者：
Gruissem, W
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Adam, M;Robert, F;Gaudreau, L
通讯作者：
Gaudreau, L
DOI：
10.1007/bf00282226
发表时间：
1994-12-01
期刊：
MOLECULAR AND GENERAL GENETICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
CARR, AM;DORRINGTON, SM;NURSE, P
通讯作者：
NURSE, P