CAS9 transcriptional activators for target specificity screening and paired nickases for cooperative genome engineering.

CAS9 transcriptional activators for target specificity screening and paired nickases for cooperative genome engineering.
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DOI:
10.1038/nbt.2675
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发表时间:
2013-09
影响因子:
46.9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
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--
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原核 II 型 CRISPR-Cas 系统可用于在一系列真核生物中进行靶向基因组修饰。在这里,我们设计了该系统,通过将转录激活域直接连接到无核酸酶的 Cas9 蛋白或适配体修饰的单引导 RNA (sgRNA) 上,在人类细胞中实现 RNA 引导的基因组调控。利用这一功能,我们开发了一种新颖的基于转录激活的测定法,以确定 sgRNA:Cas9 复合物的脱靶结合情况,并将其与转录激活剂样 (TAL) 效应蛋白的脱靶活性进行比较。我们的结果表明,特异性特征是 sgRNA 依赖性的,并且 sgRNA:Cas9 复合物和 18-mer TAL 效应蛋白可以分别耐受 1-3 和 1-2 个靶标错配。通过基因组编辑的偏移切口或通过多个协同 sgRNA 实现稳健的转录激活来设计协同性要求,我们提出了减轻脱靶现象的方法。我们的结果扩展了 sgRNA:Cas9 工具的多功能性,并强调了设计改进特异性的迫切需要。
Prokaryotic type II CRISPR-Cas systems can be adapted to enable targeted genome modifications across a range of eukaryotes.. Here we engineer this system to enable RNA-guided genome regulation in human cells by tethering transcriptional activation domains either directly to a nuclease-null Cas9 protein or to an aptamer-modified single guide RNA (sgRNA). Using this functionality we developed a novel transcriptional activation–based assay to determine the landscape of off-target binding of sgRNA:Cas9 complexes and compared it with the off-target activity of transcription activator–like (TAL) effector proteins. Our results reveal that specificity profiles are sgRNA dependent, and that sgRNA:Cas9 complexes and 18-mer TAL effector proteins can potentially tolerate 1–3 and 1–2 target mismatches, respectively. By engineering a requirement for cooperativity through offset nicking for genome editing or through multiple synergistic sgRNAs for robust transcriptional activation, we suggest methods to mitigate off-target phenomena. Our results expand the versatility of the sgRNA:Cas9 tool and highlight the critical need to engineer improved specificity.
Tale-DNA相互作用的定量分析表明极性效应。
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发表时间: 2013-04
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期刊: SCIENCE
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