Synapsin III: role in neuronal plasticity and disease.

Synapsin III: role in neuronal plasticity and disease.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.07.007
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发表时间:
2011-06
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Kao, Hung-Teh
Kao, Hung-Teh
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Porton, Barbara;Wetsel, William C.;Kao, Hung-Teh

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突触蛋白III于1998年被发现,在前两种突触蛋白(突触蛋白I和II)被发现的二十多年之后。虽然突触蛋白III的生物学不像突触蛋白I和II那样被很好地理解,但该基因正在成为调节神经发育和多巴胺能神经传递的早期阶段以及某些神经精神疾病的重要因素。突触蛋白III的分子遗传学和临床研究已经确定,它的神经发育作用是在神经发生和轴突发生的水平上发挥的。体外伏安法研究表明,突触蛋白III可以控制纹状体中多巴胺的释放。由于多巴胺能功能障碍与许多神经精神疾病有关,因此可以预期突触蛋白III的多态性可以发挥广泛的作用,特别是因为它位于突触外部位。事实上,在被诊断患有精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和多发性硬化症的个体中已经确定了该基因的突变。这些和其他研究结果表明,突触蛋白III的作用显着不同的突触蛋白I和II。在这里,我们专注于最新的突触蛋白的独特作用,并在相关的地方,比较和对比这些与突触蛋白I和II的行动。
Synapsin III was discovered in 1998, more than two decades after the first two synapsins (synapsins I and II) were identified. Although the biology of synapsin III is not as well understood as synapsins I and II, this gene is emerging as an important factor in the regulation of the early stages of neurodevelopment and dopaminergic neurotransmission, and in certain neuropsychiatric illnesses. Molecular genetic and clinical studies of synapsin III have determined that its neurodevelopmental effects are exerted at the levels of neurogenesis and axonogenesis. In vitro voltammetry studies have shown that synapsin III can control dopamine release in the striatum. Since dopaminergic dysfunction is implicated in many neuropsychiatric conditions, one may anticipate that polymorphisms in synapsin III can exert pervasive effects, especially since it is localized to extrasynaptic sites. Indeed, mutations in this gene have been identified in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis. These and other findings indicate that the roles of synapsin III differ significantly from those of synapsins I and II. Here, we focus on the unique roles of the newest synapsin, and where relevant, compare and contrast these with the actions of synapsins I and II.
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