A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks.
A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.arr.2020.101174
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
13.1
通讯作者：
Woo J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fang EF;Xie C;Schenkel JA;Wu C;Long Q;Cui H;Aman Y;Frank J;Liao J;Zou H;Wang NY;Wu J;Liu X;Li T;Fang Y;Niu Z;Yang G;Hong J;Wang Q;Chen G;Li J;Chen HZ;Kang L;Su H;Gilmour BC;Zhu X;Jiang H;He N;Tao J;Leng SX;Tong T;Woo J
公共保健面临的关键问题之一是日益老龄化的社会的全球趋势，这继续给政策制定者和照顾者带来巨大的保健和社会经济挑战。老龄化是导致一系列慢性疾病的主要原因，所有这些疾病都与老年人的生活质量较低有关。2019年，中国人口占世界人口的18%，65岁及以上(65岁以上)中国公民1.645亿人，80岁及以上(80岁以上)中国公民2600万人。中国已经成为一个老龄化社会，随着它继续老龄化，它将继续加剧当前家庭和公共医疗体系所承担的负担。中国在照顾老年人方面面临的主要医疗挑战包括慢性非传染性疾病(CNCDs)、身体虚弱、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病的管理，以及新出现的挑战，如提供足够的牙科护理，抗击养老院社区中不断上升的性传播疾病发病率，为免疫性疾病的发病率增加提供支持，以及为老年人提供姑息治疗的必要性日益增长。在政府一级，有必要制定长期战略计划，以应对老龄化社会的压力，特别是建立一个全国性的、负担得起的年度健康检查制度，以促进早期诊断和提供负担得起的治疗。中国已开始开展多项活动，以解决这些问题，包括最近完成的十年医改项目，实施健康的中国2030行动计划，以及国家老年疾病临床研究中心的开幕。还有社会挑战，即从年轻人为年迈的家庭成员提供居家照顾的大家庭制度转变为当前的趋势，即年轻人越来越多地向大城市移民，越来越多地依赖养老院来补偿，特别是在‘独生子女政策’和‘空巢老人’现象的结果之后。在个人层面上，重要的是为人们提供寻求和提高自身健康和疾病知识的途径，鼓励他们寻求体检以预防/管理疾病，并设法促进可改变的与健康有关的行为(社会活动、锻炼、健康饮食、合理的饮食补充)，使老年人能够更健康、更幸福、更长寿和更有成效。最后，在技术或治疗层面，重点放在现代技术上，以抵消老龄化的负面影响。研究人员正在努力研发能够模拟“多运动、少吃”的药物，而来自分子老年学家的其他抗衰老分子可能有助于提高老年人的“健康寿命”。机器学习、大数据和其他新技术也可以用来监测人口层面的疾病模式，并可能用于未来的政策设计。总体而言，在政策、老年护理、药物开发、个人意识、大数据的使用、机器学习和个性化医疗方面的跨学科协同效应将把中国转变为一个为老年人提供最大帮助的国家，在未来几十年最大化并庆祝他们的长寿。这是该综述论文的第二版(Fang EF等人，Ageing Re.2015年版)。
One of the key issues facing public healthcare is the global trend of an increasingly ageing society which continues to present policy makers and caregivers with formidable healthcare and socio-economic challenges. Ageing is the primary contributor to a broad spectrum of chronic disorders all associated with a lower quality of life in the elderly. In 2019, the Chinese population constituted 18 % of the world population, with 164.5 million Chinese citizens aged 65 and above (65+), and 26 million aged 80 or above (80+). China has become an ageing society, and as it continues to age it will continue to exacerbate the burden borne by current family and public healthcare systems. Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. At the governmental level, it is necessary to make long-term strategic plans to respond to the pressures of an ageing society, especially to establish a nationwide, affordable, annual health check system to facilitate early diagnosis and provide access to affordable treatments. China has begun work on several activities to address these issues including the recent completion of the of the Ten-year Health-Care Reform project, the implementation of the Healthy China 2030 Action Plan, and the opening of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders. There are also societal challenges, namely the shift from an extended family system in which the younger provide home care for their elderly family members, to the current trend in which young people are increasingly migrating towards major cities for work, increasing reliance on nursing homes to compensate, especially following the outcomes of the ‘one child policy’ and the ‘empty-nest elderly’ phenomenon. At the individual level, it is important to provide avenues for people to seek and improve their own knowledge of health and disease, to encourage them to seek medical check-ups to prevent/manage illness, and to find ways to promote modifiable health-related behaviors (social activity, exercise, healthy diets, reasonable diet supplements) to enable healthier, happier, longer, and more productive lives in the elderly. Finally, at the technological or treatment level, there is a focus on modern technologies to counteract the negative effects of ageing. Researchers are striving to produce drugs that can mimic the effects of ‘exercising more, eating less’, while other anti-ageing molecules from molecular gerontologists could help to improve ‘healthspan’ in the elderly. Machine learning, ‘Big Data’, and other novel technologies can also be used to monitor disease patterns at the population level and may be used to inform policy design in the future. Collectively, synergies across disciplines on policies, geriatric care, drug development, personal awareness, the use of big data, machine learning and personalized medicine will transform China into a country that enables the most for its elderly, maximizing and celebrating their longevity in the coming decades. This is the 2nd edition of the review paper (Fang EF et al., Ageing Re. Rev. 2015).
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
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