Regional neutrality evolves through local adaptive niche evolution

Regional neutrality evolves through local adaptive niche evolution
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区域中立性通过当地适应性生态位演化而演变

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1808615116
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Vanoverbeke, Joost
Vanoverbeke, Joost
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Leibold, Mathew A.;Urban, Mark C.;De Meester, Luc;Klausmeier, Christopher A.;Vanoverbeke, Joost

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自然系统中的生物多样性可以保持,因为竞争对手之间的生态位分化有利于稳定共存,或者因为中性物种之间的平等适应性允许它们长期共存,尽管缓慢走向灭绝。虽然这两种生态机制的相对重要性已经在没有进化的情况下得到了很好的研究,但局部适应性进化在通过这些过程维持生物多样性方面的作用却不太清楚。在这里,我们研究的贡献,当地的适应性进化共存的景观相互关联的补丁受到干扰。在这些条件下,早期的殖民者空补丁可能会适应当地条件足够快,以防止成功的殖民地由其他预适应物种。从长期来看,这些局部尺度的优先效应的迭代导致物种在区域尺度上的生态位收敛,即使物种往往垄断局部斑块。因此,动态演变从稳定共存,通过生态位分化的中性共生在景观水平上,同时仍然保持强大的本地生态位隔离。我们的研究结果表明,中性可以出现在区域尺度上从当地,生态位为基础的适应性进化,可能解决为什么生态学家经常观察到中性分布格局在景观水平上,尽管当地社区之间的强大的生态位分歧。
Biodiversity in natural systems can be maintained either because niche differentiation among competitors facilitates stable coexistence or because equal fitness among neutral species allows for their long-term cooccurrence despite a slow drift toward extinction. Whereas the relative importance of these two ecological mechanisms has been well-studied in the absence of evolution, the role of local adaptive evolution in maintaining biological diversity through these processes is less clear. Here we study the contribution of local adaptive evolution to coexistence in a landscape of interconnected patches subject to disturbance. Under these conditions, early colonists to empty patches may adapt to local conditions sufficiently fast to prevent successful colonization by other preadapted species. Over the long term, the iteration of these local-scale priority effects results in niche convergence of species at the regional scale even though species tend to monopolize local patches. Thus, the dynamics evolve from stable coexistence through niche differentiation to neutral cooccurrence at the landscape level while still maintaining strong local niche segregation. Our results show that neutrality can emerge at the regional scale from local, niche-based adaptive evolution, potentially resolving why ecologists often observe neutral distribution patterns at the landscape level despite strong niche divergence among local communities.
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