Uncompensated losses and damaged livelihoods: Restorative and distributional injustices in Brazilian hydropower

Uncompensated losses and damaged livelihoods: Restorative and distributional injustices in Brazilian hydropower
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未补偿的损失和生计受损:巴西水电的恢复性和分配不公正

DOI:
10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113048
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
Moran, Emilio F.
Moran, Emilio F.
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mayer, Adam;Lopez, Maria Claudia;Moran, Emilio F.

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水电大坝的建设与一系列的社会生态影响有关,包括在建造大型水坝的农村地区的经济发生重大变化。大坝建设者和推动水力发电的政府已经实施了补偿计划,以纠正水力发电项目造成的损害,但有人批评他们是否实现了这些目标。在当前的分析中,我们应用能源正义框架来考虑巴西亚马逊马德拉河流域吉劳和圣安东尼奥大坝的影响。考虑到能源正义的分配和恢复方面,我们评估了这些水坝如何改变经济生计和家庭收入,以及家庭是否获得了补偿,以解决所遭受的损害。我们发现,由于大坝而导致的流离失所、重新安置或其他迁移地点是造成经济损失的重要因素(例如,更换工作、失去收入),而那些遭受经济损失的人并不比其他人更有可能获得补偿。尽管大坝支持者承诺,这一基础设施将增加就业机会、增加收入,并带来经济发展,但还是出现了这些损失。
The construction of hydroelectric dams is associated with a range of social-ecological impacts, including significant changes in the economies of rural places where large dams are built. Dam builders and governments promoting hydropower have implemented compensation programs to redress the damages done by hydropower projects but there are critiques of whether they achieve those objectives. In the current analysis, we apply an energy justice framework to consider the impacts of the Jirau and Santo Antonio dams in the Madeira River basin of the Brazilian Amazon. Considering both distributional and restorative aspects of energy justice, we evaluate how these dams have changed economic livelihoods and household income and whether households received compensation that addressed the damages suffered. We find that displacement, resettlement or otherwise moving locations because of the dams is an important contributor to economic losses (e.g. changing jobs, lost income) and those who experienced economic losses were not more likely to be compensated than others. These losses occur in spite of the promises of dam proponents that this infrastructure will increase job opportunities, incomes and bring about economic development.
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