The roles of water, sanitation and hygiene in reducing schistosomiasis: a review.
The roles of water, sanitation and hygiene in reducing schistosomiasis: a review.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-015-0766-9
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发表时间：
2015-03-13
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Templeton MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grimes JE;Croll D;Harrison WE;Utzinger J;Freeman MC;Templeton MR
血吸虫病是一种由血吸虫属血吸虫感染引起的疾病。寄生虫的传播和接触是由于含有中间宿主蜗牛的淡水的粪便或尿液污染以及皮肤接触相同的水。2012年5月，世界卫生大会第65.21号决议敦促会员国通过预防性化疗（即定期向学龄儿童和其他高危人群大规模施用抗血吸虫病药物吡喹酮）、提供水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）和控制蜗牛来消除血吸虫病。然而，控制措施几乎完全集中在预防性化疗上，而只有很少的研究试图确定改善安全饮用水、适当的卫生设施和良好的个人卫生对血吸虫传播的影响。我们最近完成了一项关于WASH和血吸虫病的系统回顾和荟萃分析，发现拥有安全饮用水和充足卫生设施的人感染血吸虫病的几率显着降低。但重要的是，血吸虫病的传播在社会生态系统中根深蒂固，因此受到决定人类行为和蜗牛数量的特定文化和环境因素的影响。在这里，我们提供了一个全面的文献综述，探讨了染色体的传播途径，特别是集中在这些可能会被破坏与Wash相关的技术和人类行为。此外，在这一领域的未来研究方向突出。
Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infection with blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Transmission of, and exposure to, the parasite result from faecal or urinary contamination of freshwater containing intermediate host snails, and dermal contact with the same water. The World Health Assembly resolution 65.21 from May 2012 urges member states to eliminate schistosomiasis through preventive chemotherapy (i.e. periodic large-scale administration of the antischistosomal drug praziquantel to school-aged children and other high-risk groups), provision of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and snail control. However, control measures focus almost exclusively on preventive chemotherapy, while only few studies made an attempt to determine the impact of upgraded access to safe water, adequate sanitation and good hygiene on schistosome transmission. We recently completed a systematic review and meta-analysis pertaining to WASH and schistosomiasis and found that people with safe water and adequate sanitation have significantly lower odds of a Schistosoma infection. Importantly though, the transmission of schistosomiasis is deeply entrenched in social-ecological systems, and hence is governed by setting-specific cultural and environmental factors that determine human behaviour and snail populations. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature, which explores the transmission routes of schistosomes, particularly focussing on how these might be disrupted with WASH-related technologies and human behaviour. Additionally, future research directions in this area are highlighted.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2012.0144
发表时间：
2013-08-05
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
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DOI：
10.2307/3271397
发表时间：
1927-01-01
期刊：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.2307/3271597
发表时间：
1928-01-01
期刊：
JOUR PARASITOL
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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