Demands on perceptual and mnemonic fidelity are a key determinant of age-related cognitive decline throughout the lifespan.
Demands on perceptual and mnemonic fidelity are a key determinant of age-related cognitive decline throughout the lifespan.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/xge0001476
复制
发表时间：
2024-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Simons, Jon S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gellersen, Helena M.;McMaster, Jessica;Abdurahman, Ayat;Simons, Jon S.
年龄的增长导致记忆细节的减少，反映出与现实世界相比，记忆的保真度降低了。我们测试了在感知、短期记忆（STM）和长期记忆（LTM）中较差的表征保真度是否属于认知衰老的最早迹象。我们的范式探讨了目标-引诱-对象助记判别和对象-位置绑定的精度。在整个生命周期中，当知觉和短期/长期强迫选择助记辨别需要详细的刺激表征时，在中年观察到认知缺陷。对象定位源记忆的连续度量与计算模型相结合表明，中年人的STM和LTM错误主要是由检索记忆的精度丧失引起的，而不一定是由遗忘引起的。在逐次试验的基础上，与STM相比，LTM中项目信息和空间信息的保真度更紧密地联系在一起，这种联系不受年龄的影响。不要求记忆质量（数字广度、语言学习）的标准神经心理学测试对年龄效应的敏感性低于STM和LTM精度。知觉歧视预测助记歧视。前额叶执行功能的神经心理学代理与STM相关，但与LTM保真度无关。相反，海马完整性的神经心理学指标与STM和LTM的记忆分辨和准确性相关，这表明STM和LTM保真度的个体间差异存在部分可解离的机制。这些研究结果表明，表征保真度的降低是认知衰老的标志，贯穿知觉、短时记忆和长期记忆，并且可以从中年以后观察到。连续记忆精确任务可能有助于早期发现与年龄相关的细微认知衰退。记忆在保真度方面可以有很大的不同，也就是它们对以前经历的反映有多准确。通过对记忆保真度的测量，这项研究表明，中老年人是否表现出记忆缺陷的一个关键决定因素是一项任务是否需要非常详细的记忆。在感知、短期记忆和长期记忆领域，中年和老年人在需要记住非常详细的信息时表现较差，但在很大程度上保持了形成不太细粒度表征的能力。因此，需要感知和记忆表征保真度的任务对衰老过程中认知的细微变化特别敏感，这为它们作为早期发现认知衰退的工具提供了潜在的途径。
Aging results in less detailed memories, reflecting reduced fidelity of remembered compared to real-world representations. We tested whether poorer representational fidelity across perception, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM) are among the earliest signs of cognitive aging. Our paradigm probed target–lure object mnemonic discrimination and precision of object-location binding. Across the lifespan, cognitive deficits were observed in midlife when detailed stimulus representations were required for perceptual and short/long-term forced choice mnemonic discrimination. A continuous metric of object-location source memory combined with computational modeling demonstrated that errors in STM and LTM in middle-aged adults were largely driven by a loss of precision for retrieved memories, not necessarily by forgetting. On a trial-by-trial basis, fidelity of item and spatial information was more tightly bound in LTM compared to STM with this association being unaffected by age. Standard neuropsychological tests without demands on memory quality (digit span, verbal learning) were less sensitive to age effects than STM and LTM precision. Perceptual discrimination predicted mnemonic discrimination. Neuropsychological proxies for prefrontal executive functions correlated with STM, but not LTM fidelity. Conversely, neuropsychological indicators of hippocampal integrity correlated with mnemonic discrimination and precision of both STM and LTM, suggesting partially dissociable mechanisms of interindividual variability in STM and LTM fidelity. These findings suggest that reduced representational fidelity is a hallmark of cognitive aging across perception, STM, and LTM and can be observed from midlife onward. Continuous memory precision tasks may be promising for the early detection of subtle age-related cognitive decline. Memories can vary widely in terms of fidelity, that is how accurately they represent previous experiences. Using measures of memory fidelity, this study demonstrates that a key determinant of whether middle-aged and older adults show memory deficits is whether a task requires memories to be highly detailed. Across the domains of perception, short-term memory, and long-term memory, middle-aged and older adults show poorer performance whenever they need to keep in mind highly detailed information, but largely maintain the ability to form less fine-grained representations. Tasks taxing the fidelity of perceptual and memory representations are therefore particularly sensitive to subtle changes in cognition in aging, providing a potential avenue for their use as tools for early detection of cognitive decline.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Suzuki M;Kawagoe T;Nishiguchi S;Abe N;Otsuka Y;Nakai R;Asano K;Yamada M;Yoshikawa S;Sekiyama K
通讯作者：
Sekiyama K
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Castel, AD
通讯作者：
Castel, AD
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Baltes, PB;Lindenberger, U
通讯作者：
Lindenberger, U
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Bays PM;Catalao RF;Husain M
通讯作者：
Husain M
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Burke SN;Gaynor LS;Barnes CA;Bauer RM;Bizon JL;Roberson ED;Ryan L
通讯作者：
Ryan L