Dairying enabled Early Bronze Age Yamnaya steppe expansions.
Dairying enabled Early Bronze Age Yamnaya steppe expansions.
复制标题
乳制品使早期的青铜时代Yamnaya草原扩展。
DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-03798-4
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Boivin N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilkin S;Ventresca Miller A;Fernandes R;Spengler R;Taylor WT;Brown DR;Reich D;Kennett DJ;Culleton BJ;Kunz L;Fortes C;Kitova A;Kuznetsov P;Epimakhov A;Zaibert VF;Outram AK;Kitov E;Khokhlov A;Anthony D;Boivin N
During the Early Bronze Age, populations of the western Eurasian steppe expanded across an immense area of northern Eurasia. Combined archaeological and genetic evidence supports widespread Early Bronze Age population movements out of the Pontic–Caspian steppe that resulted in gene flow across vast distances, linking populations of Yamnaya pastoralists in Scandinavia with pastoral populations (known as the Afanasievo) far to the east in the Altai Mountains and Mongolia. Although some models hold that this expansion was the outcome of a newly mobile pastoral economy characterized by horse traction, bulk wagon transport and regular dietary dependence on meat and milk, hard evidence for these economic features has not been found. Here we draw on proteomic analysis of dental calculus from individuals from the western Eurasian steppe to demonstrate a major transition in dairying at the start of the Bronze Age. The rapid onset of ubiquitous dairying at a point in time when steppe populations are known to have begun dispersing offers critical insight into a key catalyst of steppe mobility. The identification of horse milk proteins also indicates horse domestication by the Early Bronze Age, which provides support for its role in steppe dispersals. Our results point to a potential epicentre for horse domestication in the Pontic–Caspian steppe by the third millennium bc, and offer strong support for the notion that the novel exploitation of secondary animal products was a key driver of the expansions of Eurasian steppe pastoralists by the Early Bronze Age. Analysis of ancient proteins suggests that Early Bronze Age dairying and horse domestication catalysed eastern Yamnaya migrations.
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