The evolution of cichlid fish egg-spots is linked with a cis-regulatory change.

The evolution of cichlid fish egg-spots is linked with a cis-regulatory change.
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DOI:
10.1038/ncomms6149
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发表时间:
2014-10-09
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Salzburger, Walter
Salzburger, Walter
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Santos, M. Emilia;Braasch, Ingo;Boileau, Nicolas;Meyer, Britta S.;Sauteur, Loic;Boehne, Astrid;Belting, Heinz-Georg;Affolter, Markus;Salzburger, Walter

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新的表型性状的起源是生物多样化的一个关键组成部分,然而,这种进化新奇性出现的机制在很大程度上是未知的。在这里,我们研究的起源卵点,最丰富的物种组慈鲷,haplochromines,这些显眼的男性鳍颜色标记参与交配的进化创新。应用RNAseq,比较基因组学和功能实验的组合,我们确定了两个新的色素沉着基因,fhl 2a和fhl 2b,并表明,特别是更迅速地演变的b-parabetum与鸡蛋斑点的形成。我们进一步发现,蛋斑轴承haplochromines,而不是其他慈鲷,功能的fhl 2b顺式调控区的转座因子。使用转基因斑马鱼,我们最终证明,这一地区显示特定的增强子活动,在虹膜,一种类型的色素细胞中发现的卵点,表明顺式调节的变化是因果关系的表达在卵点轴承haplochromines的增益。 新的形态特征出现的机制在很大程度上是未知的。在这里,作者表明控制fhl 2b色素基因表达的顺式调节变化与一组慈鲷雄性鳍中卵斑颜色标记的进化有关。
The origin of novel phenotypic characters is a key component in organismal diversification; yet, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such evolutionary novelties are largely unknown. Here we examine the origin of egg-spots, an evolutionary innovation of the most species-rich group of cichlids, the haplochromines, where these conspicuous male fin colour markings are involved in mating. Applying a combination of RNAseq, comparative genomics and functional experiments, we identify two novel pigmentation genes, fhl2a and fhl2b, and show that especially the more rapidly evolving b-paralog is associated with egg-spot formation. We further find that egg-spot bearing haplochromines, but not other cichlids, feature a transposable element in the cis-regulatory region of fhl2b. Using transgenic zebrafish, we finally demonstrate that this region shows specific enhancer activities in iridophores, a type of pigment cells found in egg-spots, suggesting that a cis-regulatory change is causally linked to the gain of expression in egg-spot bearing haplochromines. The mechanisms underlying the emergence of novel morphological traits are largely unknown. Here, the authors show that cis-regulatory changes controlling the expression of the fhl2b pigmentation gene are associated with the evolution of egg-spots colour markings in the male fins of a group of cichlids.
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