Iridophores and their interactions with other chromatophores are required for stripe formation in zebrafish.
Iridophores and their interactions with other chromatophores are required for stripe formation in zebrafish.
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.096719
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发表时间：
2013-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nüsslein-Volhard C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frohnhöfer HG;Krauss J;Maischein HM;Nüsslein-Volhard C
成年鱼的颜色图案是由在幼年发育期间分布在真皮中的几种色素细胞产生的。斑马鱼（Danio rerio）显示出一种引人注目的模式，黑色细胞的深色条纹点缀着黄色细胞的浅色条纹。缺乏任何一种细胞类型的突变体都不能形成正确的条纹，这表明条纹的形成需要这两种染色质类型之间的相互作用。第三种细胞类型，银色虹膜细胞，参与使图案呈现出闪亮的外观，但它在条纹形成中的作用尚不清楚。在玫瑰(rse)或阴影(shd)的突变导致虹膜细胞在成年鱼中缺乏或大量减少;此外，黑素细胞数量急剧减少，条纹被分解成斑点。我们发现，在嵌合动物中，当突变的黑色素细胞遇到野生型的虹膜细胞时，会形成正常大小的条纹，因此在虹膜细胞中，rse和shd是自主需要的。我们描述了在三种染色质类型中缺少一种或两种的突变体中形成条纹。任何一种染色质类型都不能单独形成图案，但两种细胞类型会形成残余的条纹。我们的分析表明，虹膜细胞促进和维持黑素细胞。此外，虹膜细胞吸引黄色细胞，而黄色细胞排斥黑色细胞。我们提出了三种色素体类型之间相互作用的模型，这些色素体类型是条纹形成的基础。条纹的形成是由出现在水平肌隔的虹膜团开始的，这是条纹方向的形态学标志，但随后是一个自组织过程。
Colour patterns of adult fish are produced by several types of pigment cells that distribute in the dermis during juvenile development. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, displays a striking pattern of dark stripes of melanophores interspersed by light stripes of xanthophores. Mutants lacking either cell type do not form proper stripes, indicating that interactions between these two chromatophore types are required for stripe formation. A third cell type, silvery iridophores, participates to render a shiny appearance to the pattern, but its role in stripe formation has been unclear. Mutations in rose (rse) or shady (shd) cause a lack or strong reduction of iridophores in adult fish; in addition, the melanophore number is drastically reduced and stripes are broken up into spots. We show that rse and shd are autonomously required in iridophores, as mutant melanophores form normal sized stripes when confronted with wild-type iridophores in chimeric animals. We describe stripe formation in mutants missing one or two of the three chromatophore types. None of the chromatophore types alone is able to create a pattern but residual stripe formation occurs with two cell types. Our analysis shows that iridophores promote and sustain melanophores. Furthermore, iridophores attract xanthophores, whereas xanthophores repel melanophores. We present a model for the interactions between the three chromatophore types underlying stripe formation. Stripe formation is initiated by iridophores appearing at the horizontal myoseptum, which serves as a morphological landmark for stripe orientation, but is subsequently a self-organising process.
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DOI：
10.1002/dvdy.22113
发表时间：
2009-12
期刊：
Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists
影响因子：
--
作者：
Parichy DM;Elizondo MR;Mills MG;Gordon TN;Engeszer RE
通讯作者：
Engeszer RE
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Asai, R;Taguchi, E;Kondo, S
通讯作者：
Kondo, S
影响因子：
2
作者：
Levesque, Mitchell P.;Krauss, Jana;Harris, Matthew P.
通讯作者：
Harris, Matthew P.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Hultman, Keith A.;Johnson, Stephen L.
通讯作者：
Johnson, Stephen L.
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Budi EH;Patterson LB;Parichy DM
通讯作者：
Parichy DM