Beyond simple models of adolescence to an integrated circuit-based account: A commentary.
Beyond simple models of adolescence to an integrated circuit-based account: A commentary.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.006
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Somerville LH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Casey BJ;Galván A;Somerville LH
行为发展的一个标志是越来越有能力抑制不适当的，竞争性的想法，欲望，情绪和行动，以支持适当的（即自我控制）。近年来备受关注的一个发育阶段是青春期，部分原因是这一时期的大脑发生了显著变化（Lee et al.，2014）以及精神病理学和犯罪相关行为的高风险（凯西等人，2015，Cohen和凯西，2014）。在这期杂志上，舒尔曼和他的同事以及纳尔逊和他的同事发表了两篇有趣的文章，回顾了发展科学文献，并描述了理解青少年行为和大脑发展的潜在模型，主要集中在激励和社会影响的重要性上，分别在青春期。在历史上，它们被描述为与G。斯坦利·霍尔声称青春期不可避免的风暴和压力，而文化人类学家（霍尔，1904年）玛格丽特·米德则认为环境的重要性（米德，2004年）。舒尔曼及其同事在本期中回顾的另一个二分法是由青春期的双系统模型提出的，该模型强调动机与认知控制系统的不同轨迹，主要基于心理学研究结果。这一模式也许是最大的推动力，有助于以一种无障碍的方式传达发展科学发现，为与年龄有关的社会和法律的政策提供信息（Steinberg，2009年）。然而，启发式的解释可能会导致科学的过度简化，无法捕捉行为的微妙复杂性。远离简单的二分法可以增强我们对自我控制如何在青春期因内容（即，要抑制的行为，情绪或欲望）和环境（例如，独自一人，与父母，同伴或陌生人）而变化的理解。类似的进展也取得了从先天与后天二分法转向更细致的认识，即遗传和环境因素本质上是交织在一起的。环境可以影响基因的表达，基因可以影响对环境输入的接受性，等等。
A hallmark of behavioral development is the increasing ability to suppress inappropriate, competing thoughts, desires, emotions and actions in favor of appropriate ones (ie, self-control). One developmental phase that has received much attention in recent years is that of adolescence, due in part to the significant brain changes of this period (Lee et al., 2014) and also to the heightened risk for psychopathology and criminally relevant behaviors (Casey et al., 2015, Cohen and Casey, 2014). Two interesting articles in this issue, by Shulman and colleagues and Nelson and colleagues, review the developmental science literature and describe potential models for understanding adolescent behavioral and brain development focusing largely on the importance of incentives and social influences, respectively, during adolescence.A number of theoretical models have emerged to explain challenges to self-control during the period of adolescence. Historically they have been described in the form of dichotomies with G. Stanley Hall claiming the inevitable storm and stress of adolescence while cultural anthropologist (Hall, 1904), Margaret Mead, argued for the importance of the environment (Mead, 2004). Another dichotomy reviewed by Shulman and colleagues in this issue is that proposed by the dual systems model of adolescence that emphasizes divergent trajectories of motivational versus cognitive control systems, based largely on psychological findings. This model has provided perhaps the greatest traction for conveying developmental scientific findings in an accessible way to inform age-related social and legal policies (Steinberg, 2009). However, heuristic accounts can lead to oversimplifications of the science and failure to capture subtle complexities of behavior. A move away from simple dichotomies may enhance our understanding for how self-control varies by content (ie, actions, emotions or desires to be suppressed) and by context (eg, alone, with parent, with peer or strangers) during adolescence. Similar advances have been made with the move away from the nature vs nurture dichotomy toward the more nuanced recognition that genetic and environmental factors are inherently intertwined. The environment can impact expression of genes, genes can influence receptiveness to environmental inputs, and so forth.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Galvan, A;Hare, TA;Casey, BJ
通讯作者：
Casey, BJ
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Somerville LH;Hare T;Casey BJ
通讯作者：
Casey BJ
DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhp225
发表时间：
2010-07
期刊：
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Geier CF;Terwilliger R;Teslovich T;Velanova K;Luna B
通讯作者：
Luna B
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153603
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
18.4
作者：
Steinberg, Laurence
通讯作者：
Steinberg, Laurence
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Teslovich, Theresa;Mulder, Martijn;Casey, B. J.
通讯作者：
Casey, B. J.