Insect microbial symbionts as a novel source for biotechnology

Insect microbial symbionts as a novel source for biotechnology
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昆虫微生物共生体作为生物技术的新来源

DOI:
10.1007/s11274-019-2599-8
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发表时间:
2019-01
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Shao Yongqi
Shao Yongqi
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xie Sen;Lan Yahua;Sun Chao;Shao Yongqi

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昆虫纲是地球上种类最多、规模最大的一类动物,与第一个陆地生态系统一起出现。由于这种巨大的多样性和长期共存,各种各样的共生微生物已经专门适应了昆虫作为宿主。昆虫共生体不仅参与与宿主的多种关系,而且是生物技术应用的新资源。互惠共生的开发是一个有前途的领域,以寻找潜在的临床,工业或环境应用的生物活性化合物和新的酶。此外,寄生共生的操纵具有解决农业害虫和疾病媒介控制的实际问题的特别潜力。虽然微生物共生体的研究受到大多数共生体不可培养性的影响,但微生物基因组的快速增长和现代遗传技术的应用为利用这些微生物提供了另一种方法。这篇小综述介绍了从昆虫中分离出的微生物共生体的例子,这些共生体用于新兴的生物技术用途,并阐明了从一个特别有前途的来源中发现具有应用价值的微生物的新方法。
Insecta is the most diverse and largest class of animals on Earth, appearing together with the emergence of the first terrestrial ecosystem. Owing to this great diversity and long-term coexistence, an amazing variety of symbiotic microorganisms have adapted specifically to insects as hosts. Insect symbionts not only participate in many relationships with the hosts but also represent a novel resource for biotechnological applications. The exploitation of mutualistic symbiosis represents a promising area to search for bioactive compounds and new enzymes for potential clinical, industrial or environmental applications. Moreover, the manipulation of parasitic symbiosis has particular potential to solve practical problems for the control of agricultural pests and disease vectors. Although the study of microbial symbionts has been impaired by the unculturability of most symbionts, the rapidly growing catalogue of microbial genomes and the application of modern genetic techniques provide an alternative approach to using these microbes. This minireview presents examples of microbial symbionts isolated from insects for emerging biotechnological use and illuminates new ways for discovering microorganisms of applied value from a particularly promising source.
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