Resilience of coral-associated bacterial communities exposed to fish farm effluent.
Resilience of coral-associated bacterial communities exposed to fish farm effluent.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0007319
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发表时间：
2009-10-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Azam F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garren M;Raymundo L;Guest J;Harvell CD;Azam F
珊瑚全息生物包括珊瑚动物、藻类共生体和相关的微生物群落。这些微生物帮助维持生物体内的平衡；因此，维持强健的共生微生物群落是珊瑚礁长期生存的基本组成部分。沿海污染是对珊瑚礁的主要威胁之一，集约化养鱼是这种污染的一个快速增长的来源。我们通过在菲律宾Bolinao附近的集约化养鱼场进行克隆复制移植实验，研究了与常见造礁珊瑚白柱珊瑚相关的细菌群落对沿海污染的敏感性和恢复力。4个菌落各10个片段（共40个片段），在5个地点进行22天的跟踪：一个冲洗良好的参考地点（原始片段来源）；两个低暴露于遮目鱼（遮目鱼）养殖废水的地点；还有两个高曝光率的网站。溶解有机碳（DOC）、叶绿素a、总异养和自养细菌丰度、病毒样颗粒（VLP）丰度和可培养弧菌丰度的升高是高流出点的特征。基于16S rRNA克隆文库和变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析，我们观察到在高流出物暴露的5天内，珊瑚相关细菌群落发生了迅速而剧烈的变化。在这些高流出点的碎片上，群落组成转向了已知的人类和珊瑚病原体（即弧菌、梭杆菌和脱硫弧菌），而宿主珊瑚没有出现疾病迹象。群落在第22天恢复到原来的组成，而污水水平没有降低。这项研究揭示了养鱼场可能是病原体的来源，有可能在珊瑚上繁殖，以及珊瑚相关细菌群落对富营养化压力的意想不到的短期恢复力。这些数据突出表明，需要改进水产养殖做法，既能实现可持续的工业目标，又能实现珊瑚礁的长期生存。
The coral holobiont includes the coral animal, algal symbionts, and associated microbial community. These microbes help maintain the holobiont homeostasis; thus, sustaining robust mutualistic microbial communities is a fundamental part of long-term coral reef survival. Coastal pollution is one major threat to reefs, and intensive fish farming is a rapidly growing source of this pollution. We investigated the susceptibility and resilience of the bacterial communities associated with a common reef-building coral, Porites cylindrica, to coastal pollution by performing a clonally replicated transplantation experiment in Bolinao, Philippines adjacent to intensive fish farming. Ten fragments from each of four colonies (total of 40 fragments) were followed for 22 days across five sites: a well-flushed reference site (the original fragment source); two sites with low exposure to milkfish (Chanos chanos) aquaculture effluent; and two sites with high exposure. Elevated levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chlorophyll a, total heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria abundance, virus like particle (VLP) abundances, and culturable Vibrio abundance characterized the high effluent sites. Based on 16S rRNA clone libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, we observed rapid, dramatic changes in the coral-associated bacterial communities within five days of high effluent exposure. The community composition on fragments at these high effluent sites shifted towards known human and coral pathogens (i.e. Arcobacter, Fusobacterium, and Desulfovibrio) without the host corals showing signs of disease. The communities shifted back towards their original composition by day 22 without reduction in effluent levels. This study reveals fish farms as a likely source of pathogens with the potential to proliferate on corals and an unexpected short-term resilience of coral-associated bacterial communities to eutrophication pressure. These data highlight a need for improved aquaculture practices that can achieve both sustainable industry goals and long-term coral reef survival.
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影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Long, RA;Azam, F
通讯作者：
Azam, F
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Acinas, SG;Sarma-Rupavtarm, R;Polz, MF
通讯作者：
Polz, MF
海风扇珊瑚中的细胞反应：颗粒状的反向动物对病原体和气候应激源反应。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Mydlarz, Laura D.;Holthouse, Sally F.;Peters, Esther C.;Harvell, C. Drew
通讯作者：
Harvell, C. Drew
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Frias-Lopez, J;Zerkle, AL;Fouke, BW
通讯作者：
Fouke, BW
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.82.20.6955
发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
LANE, DJ;PACE, B;PACE, NR
通讯作者：
PACE, NR