Neuroimaging the Neuropathogenesis of HIV.

Neuroimaging the Neuropathogenesis of HIV.
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神经影像学的HIV的神经发病机制。

DOI:
10.1007/s11904-021-00548-z
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发表时间:
2021-06
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Ances, Beau M.
Ances, Beau M.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Boerwinkle, Anna H.;Meeker, Karin L.;Luckett, Patrick;Ances, Beau M.

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这篇综述强调了在过去的2年中进行的艾滋病毒的神经影像学研究,并讨论了相关的研究结果如何进一步我们的艾滋病毒的神经病理学的知识。神经影像学研究的三个主要途径包括特别强调炎症,衰老和艾滋病毒感染者(PLWH)的物质使用。神经影像学一直是理解在HIV中观察到的神经病理学基础的重要工具。最近的研究比较了PLWH和HIV阴性对照的神经炎症水平,结果不一致,但报告了PLWH中神经炎症升高和认知能力较差之间的相关性。其他最近的神经影像学研究表明,与年轻人相比,老年PLWH的大脑和认知损害风险增加。最后,最近的研究结果还表明,酒精和药物滥用可能会加剧艾滋病毒的影响。这些神经影像学研究提供了对HIV引起的大脑结构、功能和分子变化的深入了解。HIV会引发强烈的神经免疫反应,并可能导致一系列事件,包括慢性炎症增加和认知能力下降。年龄和年龄相关的合并症以及生活方式因素(如药物使用/滥用)会进一步加剧这些结局。
This review highlights neuroimaging studies of HIV conducted over the last 2 years and discusses how relevant findings further our knowledge of the neuropathology of HIV. Three major avenues of neuroimaging research are covered with a particular emphasis on inflammation, aging, and substance use in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Neuroimaging has been a critical tool for understanding the neuropathological underpinnings observed in HIV. Recent studies comparing levels of neuroinflammation in PLWH and HIV-negative controls show inconsistent results but report an association between elevated neuroinflammation and poorer cognition in PLWH. Other recent neuroimaging studies suggest that older PLWH are at increased risk for brain and cognitive compromise compared to their younger counterparts. Finally, recent findings also suggest that the effects of HIV may be exacerbated by alcohol and drug abuse. These neuroimaging studies provide insight into the structural, functional, and molecular changes occurring in the brain due to HIV. HIV triggers a strong neuroimmune response and may lead to a cascade of events including increased chronic inflammation and cognitive decline. These outcomes are further exacerbated by age and age-related comorbidities, as well as lifestyle factors such as drug use/abuse.
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