Estimation of the Inhaled Dose of Airborne Pollutants during Commuting: Case Study and Application for the General Population.
Estimation of the Inhaled Dose of Airborne Pollutants during Commuting: Case Study and Application for the General Population.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17176066
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发表时间：
2020-08-20
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cavallo DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borghi F;Fanti G;Cattaneo A;Campagnolo D;Rovelli S;Keller M;Spinazzè A;Cavallo DM
在高峰时段，通勤者会暴露在与交通相关的空气污染物的高浓度和峰值中。因此，本研究的目的是扩展吸入剂量估计结果，从以前的工作调查吸入剂量的一个典型的通勤者在米兰市，意大利，并将这些结果扩展到更广泛的人群。对通勤者吸入并沉积在呼吸道内的污染物剂量的估计可能有助于通勤者选择接触程度最低的交通方式，并提高他们对这一问题的认识。此外，这些结果可以为决策者提供有用的信息，以建立/改善考虑到这些结果的流动性。该项目第一部分的主要结果（米兰市典型通勤者的案例研究）表明，在冬季期间，在“其他”环境和“地下”中估计的最大沉积质量值。在夏季期间，在“其他”和“步行（高流量条件）”的环境中估计的最大值。对于夏季和冬季，最低值是在“汽车”和“步行（低交通量条件）”环境中估计的。关于研究的第二部分（将结果扩展到米兰市通勤者的一般人群），主要结果表明，在给定的微环境（ME）中的持续时间对吸入剂量以及肺通气率有重要影响。除了这些结果之外，报告污染物的吸入剂量如何受到在特定环境中花费的时间以及受试者的肺通气率和污染物暴露水平的强烈影响也是至关重要的。由于这些原因，评价这些参数（肺通气率和持续时间，以及接触浓度水平）以估计吸入剂量特别重要。
During rush hours, commuters are exposed to high concentrations and peaks of traffic-related air pollutants. The aims of this study were therefore to extend the inhaled dose estimation outcomes from a previous work investigating the inhaled dose of a typical commuter in the city of Milan, Italy, and to extend these results to a wider population. The estimation of the dose of pollutants inhaled by commuters and deposited within the respiratory tract could be useful to help commuters in choosing the modes of transport with the lowest exposure and to increase their awareness regarding this topic. In addition, these results could provide useful information to policy makers, for the creation/improvement of a mobility that takes these results into account. The principal result outcomes from the first part of the project (case study on a typical commuter in the city of Milan) show that during the winter period, the maximum deposited mass values were estimated in the “Other” environments and in “Underground”. During the summer period, the maximum values were estimated in the “Other” and “Walking (high-traffic conditions)” environments. For both summer and winter, the lowest values were estimated in the “Car” and “Walking (low-traffic conditions)” environments. Regarding the second part of the study (the extension of the results to the general population of commuters in the city of Milan), the main results show that the period of permanence in a given micro-environment (ME) has an important influence on the inhaled dose, as well as the pulmonary ventilation rate. In addition to these results, it is of primary importance to report how the inhaled dose of pollutants can be strongly influenced by the time spent in a particular environment, as well as the subject’s pulmonary ventilation rate and pollutant exposure levels. For these reasons, the evaluation of these parameters (pulmonary ventilation rate and permanence time, in addition to the exposure concentration levels) for estimating the inhaled dose is of particular relevance.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17103357
发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
Borghi, Francesca;Spinazze, Andrea;Cavallo, Domenico Maria
通讯作者：
Cavallo, Domenico Maria
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Apparicio, Philippe;Gelb, Jeremy;Kingham, Simon
通讯作者：
Kingham, Simon
影响因子：
5
作者：
Spinazze, Andrea;Fanti, Giacomo;Cavallo, Domenico M.
通讯作者：
Cavallo, Domenico M.
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Correia, C.;Martins, V.;Almeida, S. M.
通讯作者：
Almeida, S. M.
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Olfert, IM;Balouch, J;Hopkins, SR
通讯作者：
Hopkins, SR