Regulation of sex differences in risk-based decision making by gonadal hormones: Insights from rodent models.
Regulation of sex differences in risk-based decision making by gonadal hormones: Insights from rodent models.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104663
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发表时间：
2022-08
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Wheeler, Alexa-Rae
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Orsini, Caitlin A.;Truckenbrod, Leah M.;Wheeler, Alexa-Rae
男性和女性在评估与这些结果相关的回报和风险不同的选项的能力方面存在差异。大多数研究表明，女性比男性更厌恶风险，性腺激素对这种性别差异有很大的贡献。性腺激素可以影响基于风险的决策（即，冒险）通过调节这种认知过程的神经生物学底物。事实上，雌二醇、孕酮和睾酮调节着前额叶皮层、杏仁核和丘脑核中与奖励和风险相关信息相关的活动。决策的动物模型的使用已经推进了我们对行为、神经和激素机制之间的交叉点的理解，这些机制是风险承担的性别差异的基础。这篇综述将概述这一文献的现状，确定目前的知识差距，并提出激素调节风险决策的神经生物学机制。总的来说，这方面的知识可以用来了解显着的激素变化的潜在后果，无论是内源性或外源性诱导，基于风险的决策以及神经精神疾病的神经内分泌基础，其特征是受损的风险承担，如物质使用障碍和精神分裂症。
Men and women differ in their ability to evaluate options that vary in their rewards and the risks that are associated with these outcomes. Most studies have shown that women are more risk averse than men and that gonadal hormones significantly contribute to this sex difference. Gonadal hormones can influence risk-based decision making (i.e., risk taking) by modulating the neurobiological substrates underlying this cognitive process. Indeed, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone modulate activity in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and nucleus accumbens associated with reward and risk-related information. The use of animal models of decision making has advanced our understanding of the intersection between the behavioral, neural and hormonal mechanisms underlying sex differences in risk taking. This review will outline the current state of this literature, identify the current gaps in knowledge and suggest the neurobiological mechanisms by which hormones regulate risky decision making. Collectively, this knowledge can be used to understand the potential consequences of significant hormonal changes, whether endogenously or exogenously induced, on risk-based decision making as well as the neuroendocrinological basis of neuropsychiatric diseases that are characterized by impaired risk taking, such as substance use disorder and schizophrenia.
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