Personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution and acute respiratory health among Bronx schoolchildren with asthma.
Personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution and acute respiratory health among Bronx schoolchildren with asthma.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1002653
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发表时间：
2011-04
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Thurston GD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spira-Cohen A;Chen LC;Kendall M;Lall R;Thurston GD
以前的研究报告了不良呼吸健康结果与居住地点靠近交通污染之间的关系，但没有在个人暴露水平上显示这一点。我们比较了在市中心哮喘儿童中，不良哮喘结局发生率与个人暴露于空气动力学直径≤2.5 μm的颗粒物（PM2.5）空气污染与柴油相关的PM2.5碳含量的增加之间的关系。每天24小时的PM2.5个人样本，包括元素碳（EC）分数，收集了40名患有哮喘的五年级儿童在四所南布朗克斯学校（每所学校10名儿童）大约一个月的时间。在工作日每天多次记录肺量测定和症状评分。我们发现当天喘息的相对风险升高[1.45；95%可信区间（CI）， 1.03-2.04)]、呼吸短促（1.41,95% CI, 1.01-1.99）和总症状（1.30,95% CI, 1.04-1.62）与个人EC的增加有关，但与个人PM2.5质量无关。我们发现咳嗽、喘息和总症状的风险增加，1天滞后和2天个人和学校的平均EC增加。我们没有发现学校场地PM2.5质量或硫的显著关联。对添加气态污染物的EC效应估计是稳健的。个人接触EC的不良健康关联最强，这表明PM2.5的柴油“烟尘”部分是生活在公路附近的儿童中与污染相关的哮喘恶化的主要原因。依赖于暴露于PM质量的研究可能低估了PM对健康的影响。
Previous studies have reported relationships between adverse respiratory health outcomes and residential proximity to traffic pollution, but have not shown this at a personal exposure level. We compared, among inner-city children with asthma, the associations of adverse asthma outcome incidences with increased personal exposure to particulate matter mass ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) air pollution versus the diesel-related carbonaceous fraction of PM2.5. Daily 24-hr personal samples of PM2.5, including the elemental carbon (EC) fraction, were collected for 40 fifth-grade children with asthma at four South Bronx schools (10 children per school) during approximately 1 month each. Spirometry and symptom scores were recorded several times daily during weekdays. We found elevated same-day relative risks of wheeze [1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–2.04)], shortness of breath (1.41; 95% CI, 1.01–1.99), and total symptoms (1.30; 95% CI, 1.04–1.62) with an increase in personal EC, but not with personal PM2.5 mass. We found increased risk of cough, wheeze, and total symptoms with increased 1-day lag and 2-day average personal and school-site EC. We found no significant associations with school-site PM2.5 mass or sulfur. The EC effect estimate was robust to addition of gaseous pollutants. Adverse health associations were strongest with personal measures of EC exposure, suggesting that the diesel “soot” fraction of PM2.5 is most responsible for pollution-related asthma exacerbations among children living near roadways. Studies that rely on exposure to PM mass may underestimate PM health impacts.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Maciejczyk, PB;Offenberg, JH;Chen, LC
通讯作者：
Chen, LC
影响因子：
14.2
作者：
Balmes, John R.;Earnest, Gillian;Katz, Patricia P.;Yelin, Edward H.;Eisner, Mark D.;Chen, Hubert;Trupin, Laura;Lurmann, Fred;Blanc, Paul D.
通讯作者：
Blanc, Paul D.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Chang, J.;Delfino, R. J.;Cooper, D.
通讯作者：
Cooper, D.
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Delfino, Ralph J;Staimer, Norbert;Gillen, Dan;Tjoa, Thomas;Sioutas, Constantinos;Fung, Kochy;George, Steven C;Kleinman, Michael T
通讯作者：
Kleinman, Michael T
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
McConnell R;Berhane K;Yao L;Jerrett M;Lurmann F;Gilliland F;Künzli N;Gauderman J;Avol E;Thomas D;Peters J
通讯作者：
Peters J