Spotlight on the Underdogs-An Analysis of Underrepresented Alternaria Mycotoxins Formed Depending on Varying Substrate, Time and Temperature Conditions.
Spotlight on the Underdogs-An Analysis of Underrepresented Alternaria Mycotoxins Formed Depending on Varying Substrate, Time and Temperature Conditions.
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins8110344
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发表时间：
2016-11-19
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Müller ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zwickel T;Kahl SM;Klaffke H;Rychlik M;Müller ME
链格孢霉(Alternaria(A.)是一种分布广泛的真菌属，能够产生大量的、可能危及健康的交链孢毒素(ATS)，这些毒素通常不是人们关注的焦点。ATS的形成依赖于各种环境因素的种类和复杂的相互作用，目前还没有完全了解。本研究测定了温度(7℃、25℃)、底物(稻米、小麦籽粒)和培养时间(4、7、14天)对细嫩链格孢菌和侵染型链格孢菌产生13种ATS和3种硫代偶联ATS的影响。采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术进行定量。在几乎所有条件下，替那雄酸是产生最广泛的毒素。在25℃下，随着培养时间的延长，两株柔嫩阿魏酸菌在两种底物上都大量形成了所有的毒素，它们的真菌毒素谱相似。然而，对于某些毒素，从第7天到第14天，产量停滞不前或下降。与细叶拟青霉菌株不同，侵染黑曲霉菌株只产生少量的AT，但产生高浓度的树叶毒素III。这一结果为不同环境条件下体外AT的定量形成提供了重要的见解，并有可能转移到不同的田间和储存条件。
Alternaria (A.) is a genus of widespread fungi capable of producing numerous, possibly health-endangering Alternaria toxins (ATs), which are usually not the focus of attention. The formation of ATs depends on the species and complex interactions of various environmental factors and is not fully understood. In this study the influence of temperature (7 °C, 25 °C), substrate (rice, wheat kernels) and incubation time (4, 7, and 14 days) on the production of thirteen ATs and three sulfoconjugated ATs by three different Alternaria isolates from the species groups A. tenuissima and A. infectoria was determined. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used for quantification. Under nearly all conditions, tenuazonic acid was the most extensively produced toxin. At 25 °C and with increasing incubation time all toxins were formed in high amounts by the two A. tenuissima strains on both substrates with comparable mycotoxin profiles. However, for some of the toxins, stagnation or a decrease in production was observed from day 7 to 14. As opposed to the A. tenuissima strains, the A. infectoria strain only produced low amounts of ATs, but high concentrations of stemphyltoxin III. The results provide an essential insight into the quantitative in vitro AT formation under different environmental conditions, potentially transferable to different field and storage conditions.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Azcarate, M. P.;Patriarca, A.;Fernandez Pinto, V.
通讯作者：
Fernandez Pinto, V.
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Hasan, H. A. H.
通讯作者：
Hasan, H. A. H.
影响因子：
4
作者：
Kahl, S. M.;Ulrich, A.;Mueller, M. E. H.
通讯作者：
Mueller, M. E. H.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Fleck, Stefanie C.;Burkhardt, Britta;Metzler, Manfred
通讯作者：
Metzler, Manfred
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Lafaye, A;Junot, C;Tabet, JC
通讯作者：
Tabet, JC