Skin shedding and tissue regeneration in African spiny mice (Acomys).
Skin shedding and tissue regeneration in African spiny mice (Acomys).
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DOI：
10.1038/nature11499
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发表时间：
2012-09-27
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Maden, Malcolm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seifert, Ashley W.;Kiama, Stephen G.;Seifert, Megan G.;Goheen, Jacob R.;Palmer, Todd M.;Maden, Malcolm
进化修饰已经产生了一系列动物防御特征以逃避捕食，包括自动切割身体部位以逃避捕获的能力。在自切之后，缺失的部分要么通过再生（例如有尾目动物、蜥蜴、节肢动物、甲壳类动物）被替换，要么永久丢失（哺乳动物）。虽然大多数自切涉及附件（如腿，螯，触角，尾巴）的损失，皮肤自切可以发生在某些分类群的scincid和壁虎蜥蜴。在这里，我们报告的第一个演示皮肤自切哺乳动物（非洲多刺小鼠，Acomys）。机械测试显示皮肤在非常低的张力下撕裂的倾向，并且没有断裂平面。皮肤缺损后，背部皮肤伤口迅速收缩，随后毛囊再生。令人惊讶的是，我们发现Acomys的再生能力延伸到耳孔，在那里它们表现出毛囊，皮脂腺，真皮和软骨的完全再生。能够肢体再生的蝾螈在肢体丧失后形成芽基（大量的谱系限制性祖细胞），我们的研究结果表明，Acomys中的耳组织再生可能通过组装类似的结构进行。这项研究强调了在传统模式生物之外研究再生现象的重要性，并表明哺乳动物可能保留了比以前认为的更高的再生能力。随着再生医学的重新兴起，人们试图分离控制哺乳动物组织再生的分子途径，Acomys可能有助于确定促进再生的机制，以代替纤维化和瘢痕形成。
Evolutionary modification has produced a spectrum of animal defense traits to escape predation, including the ability to autotomize body parts to elude capture. Following autotomy, the missing part is either replaced through regeneration (e.g. urodeles, lizards, arthropods, crustaceans) or is permanently lost (mammals). While most autotomy involves the loss of appendages (e.g. leg, cheliped, antennae, tail), skin autotomy can occur in certain taxa of scincid and gekkonid lizards. Here we report the first demonstration of skin autotomy in Mammalia (African spiny mice, Acomys). Mechanical testing revealed a propensity for skin to tear under very low tension and the absence of a fracture plane. Following skin loss, rapid wound contraction was followed by hair follicle regeneration in dorsal skin wounds. Surprisingly, we found regenerative capacity in Acomys extended to ear holes where they exhibited complete regeneration of hair follicles, sebaceous glands, dermis, and cartilage. Salamanders capable of limb regeneration form a blastema (a mass of lineage-restricted progenitor cells) following limb loss, and our findings suggest that ear tissue regeneration in Acomys may proceed through assembly of a similar structure. This study underscores the importance of investigating regenerative phenomena outside of traditional model organisms and suggests that mammals may retain a higher capacity for regeneration than previously believed. As re-emergent interest in regenerative medicine seeks to isolate molecular pathways controlling tissue regeneration in mammals, Acomys may prove useful in identifying mechanisms to promote regeneration in lieu of fibrosis and scarring.
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