Is it safe to go back into the water? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of acquiring infections from recreational exposure to seawater.
Is it safe to go back into the water? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of acquiring infections from recreational exposure to seawater.
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyx281
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Garside R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leonard AFC;Singer A;Ukoumunne OC;Gaze WH;Garside R
许多疾病都与在天然沃茨中洗澡有关，尽管人们认为，在高收入国家，暴露于相对清洁的沃茨的游泳者患病的风险可以忽略不计。进行了系统的审查，以量化与非沐浴者相比，暴露于沿海水域的沐浴者经历一系列不良健康后果的风险增加。共筛选了6919篇潜在相关的标题和摘要，其中40项研究符合纳入综述的条件。从其中19份报告中提取比值比（OR），并结合以下不良健康结局的随机效应荟萃分析：任何疾病的事件病例，耳部感染，胃肠道疾病和特定微生物引起的感染。与不洗澡的人相比，洗澡的人出现任何疾病症状[OR = 1.86，95%置信区间（CI）：1.31至2.64，P = 0.001]和耳部疾病（OR = 2.05，95% CI：1.49至2.82，P < 0.001）的风险增加。胃肠道疾病的发生率也增加（OR = 1.29，95% CI：1.12 ~ 1.49，P < 0.001）。这是第一个系统性综述，以评估与非沐浴者相比，海水沐浴者患病风险增加的证据。我们的研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即感染是通过在沿海沃茨洗澡获得的，而且与不洗澡的人相比，洗澡的人患各种疾病的风险更大。
Numerous illnesses are associated with bathing in natural waters, although it is assumed that the risk of illness among bathers exposed to relatively clean waters found in high-income countries is negligible. A systematic review was carried out to quantify the increased risk of experiencing a range of adverse health outcomes among bathers exposed to coastal water compared with non-bathers. In all 6919 potentially relevant titles and abstracts were screened, and from these 40 studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. Odds ratios (OR) were extracted from 19 of these reports and combined in random-effect meta-analyses for the following adverse health outcomes: incident cases of any illness, ear infections, gastrointestinal illness and infections caused by specific microorganisms. There is an increased risk of experiencing symptoms of any illness [OR = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31 to 2.64, P = 0.001] and ear ailments (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.49 to 2.82, P < 0.001) in bathers compared with non-bathers. There is also an increased risk of experiencing gastrointestinal ailments (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.49, P < 0.001). This is the first systematic review to evaluate evidence on the increased risk of acquiring illnesses from bathing in seawater compared with non-bathers. Our results support the notion that infections are acquired from bathing in coastal waters, and that bathers have a greater risk of experiencing a variety of illnesses compared with non-bathers.
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影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Leonard, Anne F. C.;Zhang, Lihong;Gaze, William H.
通讯作者：
Gaze, William H.
DOI：
10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2
发表时间：
1986-09-01
期刊：
CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS
影响因子：
--
作者：
DERSIMONIAN, R;LAIRD, N
通讯作者：
LAIRD, N
影响因子：
12.8
作者：
Harwood, Valerie J.;Boehm, Alexandria B.;Wicki, Melanie
通讯作者：
Wicki, Melanie
影响因子：
105.7
作者：
Higgins, JPT;Thompson, SG;Altman, DG
通讯作者：
Altman, DG
DOI：
10.1097/ede.0000000000000681
发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Benjamin-Chung J;Arnold BF;Wade TJ;Schiff K;Griffith JF;Dufour AP;Weisberg SB;Colford JM Jr
通讯作者：
Colford JM Jr