Structural thinking about social categories: Evidence from formal explanations, generics, and generalization

Structural thinking about social categories: Evidence from formal explanations, generics, and generalization
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关于社会类别的结构性思考:来自正式解释、泛型和概括的证据

DOI:
10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104383
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Lombrozo, Tania
Lombrozo, Tania
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vasilyeva, Nadya;Lombrozo, Tania

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许多关于类表征的理论认为,人们能够理解构成类成员关系的内在的、本质的因素,并解释范畴成员的属性。在三项研究(N = 281)中,我们记录了另一种形式的concerns的特征,根据这种特征,社会类型的属性被视为结构因素的产物:由于这种社会地位而获得的稳定的外部约束。内在主义和结构主义的相似之处在于,两者都支持形式解释(即,“类成员由于类成员资格C而具有属性P”)、类属主张(“Cs具有P”)以及当类成员资格和社会地位混淆时将类属性推广到单个类成员。因此,我们的研究结果挑战这些现象作为内在主义思维的标志。然而,一旦类别成员和结构位置是不混淆的,不同的模式的泛化出现在内部和结构的范畴,因为不同的判断有关的类别定义和属性的必要性类别成员。我们讨论了这些发现对正式解释、通用语言和实物表示的更广泛影响。
Many theories of kind representation suggest that people posit internal, essence-like factors that underlie kind membership and explain properties of category members. Across three studies (N = 281), we document the characteristics of an alternative form of construal according to which the properties of social kinds are seen as products ofstructuralfactors: stable, external constraints that obtain due to the kind's social position. Internalist and structural construals are similar in that both support formal explanations (i.e., “category member has property P due to category membership C”), generic claims (“Cs have P”), and the generalization of category properties to individual category members when kind membership and social position are confounded. Our findings thus challenge these phenomena as signatures of internalist thinking. However, once category membership and structural position are unconfounded, different patterns of generalization emerge across internalist and structural construals, as do different judgments concerning category definitions and the dispensability of properties for category membership. We discuss the broader implications of these findings for accounts of formal explanation, generic language, and kind representation.
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