Paracrine Interactions within the Pancreatic Islet Determine the Glycemic Set Point.

Paracrine Interactions within the Pancreatic Islet Determine the Glycemic Set Point.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.015
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发表时间:
2018-03-06
期刊:
影响因子:
29
通讯作者:
Berggren PO
Berggren PO
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rodriguez-Diaz R;Molano RD;Weitz JR;Abdulreda MH;Berman DM;Leibiger B;Leibiger IB;Kenyon NS;Ricordi C;Pileggi A;Caicedo A;Berggren PO

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每种动物都有一个标志性的血糖水平或血糖设定点。这些设定值是不同的,一个物种的正常血糖水平(正常血糖)将威胁其他物种的生命。小鼠血糖正常可以被认为是人类的糖尿病。血糖设定点的生物学决定因素仍不清楚。在这里,我们展示了胰岛将其血糖设定值强加给生物体,使其成为体内真正的血糖调节器。此外,与啮齿动物的胰岛不同,从α细胞向分泌胰岛素的β细胞输入胰高血糖素对于微调人类独特的设定点是必要的。这些发现影响了治疗糖尿病的移植和再生方法,因为恢复正常血糖可能需要的不仅仅是更换β细胞。此外,使用胰升糖素受体拮抗剂作为降糖剂的治疗策略需要重新评估,因为它们可能会重置生物体中的整体血糖调节器。通过将人、猴子和小鼠的胰岛移植到糖尿病小鼠体内,XXX等人证明了胰岛移植转移了供体物种的血糖设定值,而不依赖于移植的胰岛质量。人的胰岛移植物在邻近的阿尔法细胞的帮助下,感知血糖水平,并相应地调整其胰岛素分泌。
Every animal species has a signature blood glucose level or glycemic set point. These set points are different and the normal glycemic levels (normoglycemia) of one species would be life threatening for other species. Mouse normoglycemia can be considered diabetic for humans. The biological determinants of the glycemic set point remain unclear. Here we show that the pancreatic islet imposes its glycemic set point on the organism, making it the bona fide glucostat in the body. Moreover, and in contrast to rodent islets, glucagon input from the alpha cell to the insulin secreting beta cell is necessary to fine-tune the distinctive human set point. These findings impact transplantation and regenerative approaches to treat diabetes because restoring normoglycemia may require more than replacing only the beta cells. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies using glucagon receptor antagonists as hypoglycemic agents need to be reassessed as they may reset the overall glucostat in the organism. By transplanting human, monkey and mice pancreatic islets into diabetic mice, XXX et al show that islet grafts transfer the glycemic set point of the donor species, independent of transplanted islet mass. Human islet grafts sense glucose levels and adjust their insulin secretion accordingly, with help from adjacent alpha cells.
灵长类动物中的胰岛血流动力学。
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