Social capital II: determinants of economic connectedness.
Social capital II: determinants of economic connectedness.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-022-04997-3
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发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Wernerfelt, Nils
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chetty, Raj;Jackson, Matthew O.;Kuchler, Theresa;Stroebel, Johannes;Hendren, Nathaniel;Fluegge, Robert B.;Gong, Sara;Gonzalez, Federico;Grondin, Armelle;Jacob, Matthew;Johnston, Drew;Koenen, Martin;Laguna-Muggenburg, Eduardo;Mudekereza, Florian;Rutter, Tom;Thor, Nicolaj;Townsend, Wilbur;Zhang, Ruby;Bailey, Mike;Barbera, Pablo;Bhole, Monica;Wernerfelt, Nils
跨阶级社会互动水平低引起了广泛关注，并与更糟糕的结果相关，例如收入向上流动率较低。在这里，我们以配套论文中的分析为基础，使用 Facebook 的数据来分析跨阶层互动的决定因素。我们发现，大约一半的跨社会经济地位的社会脱节（以低社会经济地位 (SES) 朋友与高社会经济地位 (SES) 朋友的比例差异来衡量）是由学校和宗教组织等群体中与高 SES 人接触的差异来解释的。另一半可以用交友偏见来解释——社会经济地位低的人倾向于以较低的比例与社会经济地位高的人交朋友，即使有接触的条件。交友偏见是由人们互动的群体结构决定的。例如，与学校和工作场所相比，交友偏见在规模更大、更多元化的群体中更高，在宗教组织中更低。区分交友偏见和暴露有助于确定增加跨社会经济地位友谊（经济联系）的干预措施。通过高中群体中具有高 SES 的学生比例的波动，我们发现，在交友偏见程度较低的学校中，高 SES 接触的增加会导致低 SES 的人与高 SES 的人建立更多的友谊。因此，社会经济一体化可以增加交友偏见较低的社区的经济联系。相比之下，当交友偏见较高时，可能有必要增加现有成员之间的跨社会经济体系互动，以增强经济联系。为了支持这些努力，我们在 https://www.socialcapital.org 上发布了有关美国每个邮政编码、高中和大学的经济联系、曝光度和交友偏见的受隐私保护的统计数据。跨社会经济地位的社交脱节可以通过与社会经济地位高的人接触的差异和交友偏见来解释——人们倾向于与社会经济地位相似的同龄人交朋友，甚至以接触为条件。
Low levels of social interaction across class lines have generated widespread concern and are associated with worse outcomes, such as lower rates of upward income mobility. Here we analyse the determinants of cross-class interaction using data from Facebook, building on the analysis in our companion paper. We show that about half of the social disconnection across socioeconomic lines—measured as the difference in the share of high-socioeconomic status (SES) friends between people with low and high SES—is explained by differences in exposure to people with high SES in groups such as schools and religious organizations. The other half is explained by friending bias—the tendency for people with low SES to befriend people with high SES at lower rates even conditional on exposure. Friending bias is shaped by the structure of the groups in which people interact. For example, friending bias is higher in larger and more diverse groups and lower in religious organizations than in schools and workplaces. Distinguishing exposure from friending bias is helpful for identifying interventions to increase cross-SES friendships (economic connectedness). Using fluctuations in the share of students with high SES across high school cohorts, we show that increases in high-SES exposure lead low-SES people to form more friendships with high-SES people in schools that exhibit low levels of friending bias. Thus, socioeconomic integration can increase economic connectedness in communities in which friending bias is low. By contrast, when friending bias is high, increasing cross-SES interactions among existing members may be necessary to increase economic connectedness. To support such efforts, we release privacy-protected statistics on economic connectedness, exposure and friending bias for each ZIP (postal) code, high school and college in the United States at https://www.socialcapital.org. Social disconnection across socioeconomic lines is explained by both differences in exposure to people with high socioeconomic status and friending bias—the tendency for people to befriend peers with similar socioeconomic status even conditional on exposure.
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.2016.4226
发表时间：
2016-04-26
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chetty R;Stepner M;Abraham S;Lin S;Scuderi B;Turner N;Bergeron A;Cutler D
通讯作者：
Cutler D
影响因子：
13.7
作者：
Chetty, Raj;Hendren, Nathaniel
通讯作者：
Hendren, Nathaniel
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0911793107
发表时间：
2010-03-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Currarini, Sergio;Jackson, Matthew O.;Pin, Paolo
通讯作者：
Pin, Paolo
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1303748110
发表时间：
2013-04-30
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Cheng, Siwei;Xie, Yu
通讯作者：
Xie, Yu
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Chetty, Raj;Jackson, Matthew O.;Kuchler, Theresa;Stroebel, Johannes;Hendren, Nathaniel;Fluegge, Robert B.;Gong, Sara;Gonzalez, Federico;Grondin, Armelle;Jacob, Matthew;Johnston, Drew;Koenen, Martin;Laguna-Muggenburg, Eduardo;Mudekereza, Florian;Rutter, Tom;Thor, Nicolaj;Townsend, Wilbur;Zhang, Ruby;Bailey, Mike;Barbera, Pablo;Bhole, Monica;Wernerfelt, Nils
通讯作者：
Wernerfelt, Nils