A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death.
A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature10549
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发表时间：
2011-10-12
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Krause, Johannes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bos, Kirsten I.;Schuenemann, Verena J.;Golding, G. Brian;Burbano, Hernan A.;Waglechner, Nicholas;Coombes, Brian K.;McPhee, Joseph B.;DeWitte, Sharon N.;Meyer, Matthias;Schmedes, Sarah;Wood, James;Earn, David J. D.;Herring, D. Ann;Bauer, Peter;Poinar, Hendrik N.;Krause, Johannes
DNA 恢复和测序方面的技术进步极大地扩大了古代标本遗传分析的范围，以至于全面的基因组研究现在变得可行并很快成为标准。这一趋势对传染病研究具有重要意义，因为来自古代微生物的基因组数据可能有助于阐明病原体进化和适应新出现和重新出现的感染的机制。在这里，我们报告了重建的鼠疫耶尔森氏菌古代基因组，其平均覆盖率是黑死病受害者的 30 倍，可以可靠地追溯到 1348 年至 1350 年英国伦敦与鼠疫相关的死亡事件。遗传结构和系统发育分析表明，这种古老的生物体是大多数现存菌株的祖先，并且非常接近通常与人类感染相关的所有鼠疫耶尔森氏菌的祖先节点。时间估计表明，1347-1351 年的黑死病是导致祖先引入并广泛传播到所有当前流行的对人类致病的鼠疫耶尔森菌株的主要历史事件，并进一步表明当代鼠疫耶尔森流行病起源于中世纪。与现代基因组的比较揭示了中世纪生物体中没有独特的衍生位置，这表明黑死病期间疾病毒力的增加可能不是由于细菌表型所致。这些发现支持这样的观点，即环境、媒介动力学和宿主易感性等微生物遗传学以外的因素应该成为有关新出现的鼠疫耶尔森氏菌感染的流行病学讨论的首要因素。
Technological advances in DNA recovery and sequencing have drastically expanded the scope of genetic analyses of ancient specimens to the extent that full genomic investigations are now feasible and are quickly becoming standard. This trend has important implications for infectious disease research because genomic data from ancient microbes may help to elucidate mechanisms of pathogen evolution and adaptation for emerging and re-emerging infections. Here we report a reconstructed ancient genome of Yersinia pestis at 30-fold average coverage from Black Death victims securely dated to episodes of pestilence-associated mortality in London, England, 1348–1350. Genetic architecture and phylogenetic analysis indicate that the ancient organism is ancestral to most extant strains and sits very close to the ancestral node of all Y. pestis commonly associated with human infection. Temporal estimates suggest that the Black Death of 1347–1351 was the main historical event responsible for the introduction and widespread dissemination of the ancestor to all currently circulating Y. pestis strains pathogenic to humans, and further indicates that contemporary Y. pestis epidemics have their origins in the medieval era. Comparisons against modern genomes reveal no unique derived positions in the medieval organism, indicating that the perceived increased virulence of the disease during the Black Death may not have been due to bacterial phenotype. These findings support the notion that factors other than microbial genetics, such as environment, vector dynamics and host susceptibility, should be at the forefront of epidemiological discussions regarding emerging Y. pestis infections.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Brown NF;Wickham ME;Coombes BK;Finlay BB
通讯作者：
Finlay BB
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Singer, M;Clair, S
通讯作者：
Clair, S
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Eppinger, Mark;Guo, Zhaobiao;Ravel, Jacques
通讯作者：
Ravel, Jacques
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
JOOSTEN, MHAJ;COZIJNSEN, TJ;DEWIT, PJGM
通讯作者：
DEWIT, PJGM
DOI：
10.1126/science.1182395
发表时间：
2010-01-22
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Harris SR;Feil EJ;Holden MT;Quail MA;Nickerson EK;Chantratita N;Gardete S;Tavares A;Day N;Lindsay JA;Edgeworth JD;de Lencastre H;Parkhill J;Peacock SJ;Bentley SD
通讯作者：
Bentley SD