Why should majority voting be unfair?

Why should majority voting be unfair?
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为什么多数投票是不公平的?

DOI:
10.1016/j.jebo.2017.10.015
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
J.H.W.
J.H.W.
中科院分区:
经济学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Breitmoser;J.H.W.

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多数决定原则在群体决策中的普遍应用令人费解。从理论上讲,它不公平地有利于提议者,而矛盾的是,如果选民反对不公平,它就会进一步不利于选民。然而,在实践中,结果是公平的。本文分析了一个新的实验设计的数据,以确定潜在的社会偏好。我们的实验比较了随机提议者多数议价(Baron-Ferejohn博弈)的一次性和无限期版本,这使我们能够区分利他主义、不公平厌恶和参考依赖利他主义的行为。大多数研究对象被归类为依赖参考的利他主义者,大约10%的人厌恶不平等。当被试的收益低于参照点时,被试表现为利己主义;当被试的收益得到满足时,被试表现为效率关注,参照点可以是事前期望,也可以是对手的收益。最后,我们在三个开创性的社会偏好实验中成功地测试了RDA的样本外分布和议价博弈。
The common use of majority rule in group decision making is puzzling. In theory, it inequitably favors the proposer, and paradoxically, it disadvantages voters further if they are inequity averse. In practice, however, outcomes are equitable. The present paper analyzes data from a novel experimental design to identify the underlying social preferences. Our experiment compares one-shot and indefinite horizon versions of random-proposer majority bargaining (the Baron-Ferejohn game) which allow us to disentangle behaviors compatible with altruism, inequity aversion, and reference dependent altruism. Most subjects are classified as reference-dependent altruists, around 10% are inequity averse. Subjects are egoistic when their payoff is below their reference point, they become efficiency concerned when satisfied, and the reference point is either the ex ante expectation or the opponent's payoff. Finally, we successfully test RDA out-of-sample on a number of distribution and bargaining games from three seminal social preference experiments.
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