Evidence that the superior colliculus participates in the feedback control of saccadic eye movements.
Evidence that the superior colliculus participates in the feedback control of saccadic eye movements.
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有证据表明上丘参与眼球扫视运动的反馈控制。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00886.2000
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fuchs,AlbertF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soetedjo,Robijanto;Kaneko,ChrisRS;Fuchs,AlbertF
人们普遍认为，眼跳是通过运动误差信号引导到目标的，该信号是由本地反馈电路产生的，该电路计算所需的眼跳幅度与实际眼跳幅度的内部副本之间的差异。尽管上丘 (SC) 被认为提供所需的扫视幅度信号，但尚不清楚 SC 是否存在于反馈回路中。为了测试这种可能性，我们将蝇蕈醇注射到含有全停神经元（OPN）的脑干区域以减缓眼跳，然后确定 SC 中不同部位的神经元放电是否发生改变。在 14 个实验中，我们产生了扫视减慢，同时记录了单个 SC 神经元的活动。 14 个神经元中有 11 个是扫视相关突发神经元 (SRBN)，它们以最佳幅度和方向（最佳矢量）释放最有力的扫视爆发。 11 个 SRBN 的最佳方向范围从接近水平到接近垂直，最佳幅度在 4 到 17° 之间。尽管向 OPN 区域注射蝇蕈醇对最佳向量几乎没有什么影响，但它们确实使平均眼跳持续时间增加了 25% 至 192.8%，并使平均眼跳峰值速度降低了 20.5% 至 69.8%。对于最佳矢量扫视，加速和减速阶段的持续时间都会增加。然而，在 14 个实验中的 10 个实验中，随着扫视持续时间的增加，减速持续时间的增加与加速持续时间一样快或更快，这表明持续时间的增加大部分发生在减速阶段。 SC 中的 SRBN 分别随着扫视持续时间和速度的变化而改变其突发持续时间和发射率。随着扫视持续时间的增加，所有 SRBN 的突发持续时间都显着增加。随着扫视速度的降低，11 个 SRBN 中的 5 个也表现出突发峰值发射率的降低。平均而言，神经元中的脉冲数量是恒定的。未表现出扫视爆发的三个 SC 神经元的放电没有一致的变化。我们的数据表明，SC 接收来自下游眼跳相关神经元关于正在进行的眼跳的反馈。然而，我们研究中 SC 放电产生的变化并不表明反馈与产生运动误差有关。相反，反馈似乎涉及调节 SRBN 放电的持续时间，以便所需的扫视幅度信号在整个扫视过程中保持存在。
There is general agreement that saccades are guided to their targets by means of a motor error signal, which is produced by a local feedback circuit that calculates the difference between desired saccadic amplitude and an internal copy of actual saccadic amplitude. Although the superior colliculus (SC) is thought to provide the desired saccadic amplitude signal, it is unclear whether the SC resides in the feedback loop. To test this possibility, we injected muscimol into the brain stem region containing omnipause neurons (OPNs) to slow saccades and then determined whether the firing of neurons at different sites in the SC was altered. In 14 experiments, we produced saccadic slowing while simultaneously recording the activity of a single SC neuron. Eleven of the 14 neurons were saccade-related burst neurons (SRBNs), which discharged their most vigorous burst for saccades with an optimal amplitude and direction (optimal vector). The optimal directions for the 11 SRBNs ranged from nearly horizontal to nearly vertical, with optimal amplitudes between 4 and 17°. Although muscimol injections into the OPN region produced little change in the optimal vector, they did increase mean saccade duration by 25 to 192.8% and decrease mean saccade peak velocity by 20.5 to 69.8%. For optimal vector saccades, both the acceleration and deceleration phases increased in duration. However, during 10 of 14 experiments, the duration of deceleration increased as fast as or faster than that of acceleration as saccade duration increased, indicating that most of the increase in duration occurred during the deceleration phase. SRBNs in the SC changed their burst duration and firing rateconcomitantlywith changes in saccadic duration and velocity, respectively. All SRBNs showed a robust increase in burst duration as saccadic duration increased. Five of 11 SRBNs also exhibited a decrease in burst peak firing rate as saccadic velocity decreased. On average across the neurons, the number of spikes in the burst was constant. There was no consistent change in the discharge of the three SC neurons that did not exhibit bursts with saccades. Our data show that the SC receives feedback from downstream saccade-related neurons about the ongoing saccades. However, the changes in SC firing produced in our study do not suggest that the feedback is involved with producing motor error. Instead, the feedback seems to be involved with regulating the duration of the discharge of SRBNs so that the desired saccadic amplitude signal remains present throughout the saccade.
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