Neuroanatomy of the extended circadian rhythm system.
Neuroanatomy of the extended circadian rhythm system.
复制标题
扩展的昼夜节律系统的神经解剖学。
DOI：
10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.06.026
复制
发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Morin, Lawrence P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morin, Lawrence P.
关键词：
视交叉上核 (SCN) 是昼夜节律系统中主时钟的位置，具有三个主要传入连接。最重要的是视网膜下丘脑投射，经典视杆/视锥光感受器和固有感光视网膜神经节细胞接收的光信息通过该投射获得时钟。该信息影响昼夜节律的阶段和周期。另外两个强大的传入投射是中缝血清素能通路和膝下丘脑 (GHT)，来自丘脑膝间小叶 (IGL) 的含有 NPY 的通路。除了这个简单的框架之外，理论上参与节律调节的解剖路径数量是巨大的，SCN 投射到 15 个区域，并受到约 35 个区域的直接神经支配。如果包括 SCN 的多突触传入，则该数量将扩展到大约 85 个为 SCN 提供输入的大脑区域。 IGL 是昼夜节律调节的已知贡献者，但其复杂性更高。该核通过主要是双边和相互的通路在整个大脑（大约 100 个区域）中进行大量连接。这些站点中很少有人对其对昼夜节律调节的贡献进行评估，尽管大多数站点理论上有可能通过 GHT 实现这一点。 IGL 连接的解剖表明，其功能之一可能是调节睡眠期间的眼球运动。 SCN 和 IGL 的神经回路非常复杂且相互关联。迄今为止，很少有人对它们参与节律调节进行测试。
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), site of the primary clock in the circadian rhythm system, has three major afferent connections. The most important consists of a retinohypothalamic projection through which photic information, received by classical rod/cone photoreceptors and intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells, gains access to the clock. This information influences phase and period of circadian rhythms. The two other robust afferent projections are the median raphe serotonergic pathway and the geniculohypothalamic (GHT), NPY-containing pathway from the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). Beyond this simple framework, the number of anatomical routes that could theoretically be involved in rhythm regulation is enormous, with the SCN projecting to 15 regions and being directly innervated by about 35. If multisynaptic afferents to the SCN are included, the number expands to approximately brain 85 areas providing input to the SCN. The IGL, a known contributor to circadian rhythm regulation, has a still greater level of complexity. This nucleus connects abundantly throughout the brain (to approximately 100 regions) by pathways that are largely bilateral and reciprocal. Few of these sites have been evaluated for their contributions to circadian rhythm regulation, although most have a theoretical possibility of doing so via the GHT. The anatomy of IGL connections suggests that one of its functions may be regulation of eye movements during sleep. Together, neural circuits of the SCN and IGL are complex and interconnected. As yet, few have been tested with respect to their involvement in rhythm regulation.
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