piRNA-like small RNAs target transposable elements in a Clade IV parasitic nematode.

piRNA-like small RNAs target transposable elements in a Clade IV parasitic nematode.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-022-14247-1
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发表时间:
2022-06-16
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Hunt, Vicky L.
Hunt, Vicky L.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Suleiman, Mona;Kounosu, Asuka;Murcott, Ben;Dayi, Mehmet;Pawluk, Rebecca;Yoshida, Akemi;Viney, Mark;Kikuchi, Taisei;Hunt, Vicky L.

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模型生物秀丽隐杆线虫中发现的小 RNA (sRNA) 通路在线虫中并不广泛保守。例如,PIWI 通路和 PIWI 相互作用 RNA (piRNA) 在大多数动物中参与调节和沉默转座元件 (TE),但在秀丽隐杆线虫 (Clade V) 以外的线虫中已丢失,并且人们对线虫如何在缺乏 PIWI 通路的情况下调节 TE 知之甚少。在这里,我们通过比较两个基因相同的成虫阶段(寄生雌性和自由生活的雌性),研究了 sRNA 在 Clade IV 寄生线虫鼠类圆线虫中的作用。我们鉴定了假定的小干扰 RNA、microRNA 和 tRNA 衍生的 sRNA 片段,它们在两个成年阶段之间存在差异表达。预计有两类 sRNA 可以调节 TE 活性,包括 (i) 与寄生虫相关的 21-22 nt 长 sRNA,具有 5' 尿苷 (21-22Us) 和 5' 单磷酸盐,以及 (ii) 27 nt 长 sRNA,具有 5' 鸟嘌呤/腺嘌呤 (27GAs) 和 5' 修饰。 21-22Us 与线虫中发现的 21U PIWI 相互作用 RNA 惊人相似,包括富含 AT 的上游序列、重叠基因座和基因组中的物理聚类。总的来说,我们已经证明,另一类 sRNA 可以补偿 piRNA 的损失,并调节 Clade V 以外的线虫中的 TE 活性。
The small RNA (sRNA) pathways identified in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans are not widely conserved across nematodes. For example, the PIWI pathway and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are involved in regulating and silencing transposable elements (TE) in most animals but have been lost in nematodes outside of the C. elegans group (Clade V), and little is known about how nematodes regulate TEs in the absence of the PIWI pathway. Here, we investigated the role of sRNAs in the Clade IV parasitic nematode Strongyloides ratti by comparing two genetically identical adult stages (the parasitic female and free-living female). We identified putative small-interfering RNAs, microRNAs and tRNA-derived sRNA fragments that are differentially expressed between the two adult stages. Two classes of sRNAs were predicted to regulate TE activity including (i) a parasite-associated class of 21–22 nt long sRNAs with a 5′ uridine (21-22Us) and a 5′ monophosphate, and (ii) 27 nt long sRNAs with a 5′ guanine/adenine (27GAs) and a 5′ modification. The 21-22Us show striking resemblance to the 21U PIWI-interacting RNAs found in C. elegans, including an AT rich upstream sequence, overlapping loci and physical clustering in the genome. Overall, we have shown that an alternative class of sRNAs compensate for the loss of piRNAs and regulate TE activity in nematodes outside of Clade V.
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