Channelrhodopsin-2 localised to the axon initial segment.

Channelrhodopsin-2 localised to the axon initial segment.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0013761
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发表时间:
2010-10-29
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Burrone J
Burrone J
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grubb MS;Burrone J

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光门控阳离子通道视紫红质-2(ChR 2)是控制神经元活动的强大而通用的工具。目前可用的版本的ChR 2均匀分布在整个质膜或局部化具体到体树突或突触域。将ChR 2定位于轴突起始段(AIS)可以证明是对光遗传学库的一个非常有用的补充,将通道直接靶向动作电位起始位点,并限制去极化和相关的钙离子进入神经元的其他部位。在这里,我们描述了一种ChR 2构建体,通过将电压门控钠通道(NavII-III)的锚蛋白G结合环添加到其细胞内末端,将其特异性定位于AIS。ChR 2-YFP-NavII-III的表达对培养的大鼠海马神经元的被动或主动电特性没有显著影响。然而,由AIS靶向导致的微小ChR 2电流和小的膜去极化意味着用ChR 2-YFP-NavII-III对动作电位放电的光遗传学控制在基线条件下是不成功的。我们确实成功地在一些表达ChR 2-YFP-NavII-III的神经元中用光刺激动作电位,但仅在阻断KCNQ电压门控钾通道时。我们讨论了可能的替代方法,以获得精确控制的神经元尖峰AIS靶向的光遗传学结构,并提出了潜在的用途,我们的ChR 2-YFP-NavII-III探针的阈下调制的动作电位启动是可取的。
The light-gated cation channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is a powerful and versatile tool for controlling neuronal activity. Currently available versions of ChR2 either distribute uniformly throughout the plasma membrane or are localised specifically to somatodendritic or synaptic domains. Localising ChR2 instead to the axon initial segment (AIS) could prove an extremely useful addition to the optogenetic repertoire, targeting the channel directly to the site of action potential initiation, and limiting depolarisation and associated calcium entry elsewhere in the neuron. Here, we describe a ChR2 construct that we localised specifically to the AIS by adding the ankyrinG-binding loop of voltage-gated sodium channels (NavII-III) to its intracellular terminus. Expression of ChR2-YFP-NavII-III did not significantly affect the passive or active electrical properties of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. However, the tiny ChR2 currents and small membrane depolarisations resulting from AIS targeting meant that optogenetic control of action potential firing with ChR2-YFP-NavII-III was unsuccessful in baseline conditions. We did succeed in stimulating action potentials with light in some ChR2-YFP-NavII-III-expressing neurons, but only when blocking KCNQ voltage-gated potassium channels. We discuss possible alternative approaches to obtaining precise control of neuronal spiking with AIS-targeted optogenetic constructs and propose potential uses for our ChR2-YFP-NavII-III probe where subthreshold modulation of action potential initiation is desirable.
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