Effects of selective breeding for high voluntary wheel‐running behavior on femoral nutrient canal size and abundance in house mice
Effects of selective breeding for high voluntary wheel‐running behavior on femoral nutrient canal size and abundance in house mice
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高自愿轮跑行为选育对家鼠股骨营养管大小和丰度的影响
DOI：
10.1111/joa.12830
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Horner, Angela M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwartz, Nicole E.;Patel, Biren A.;Garland, Jr, Theodore;Horner, Angela M.
骨的建模和重塑是有氧过程，需要相对较高的氧气需求。长骨从营养动脉、骨骺-干骺动脉和骨膜动脉中接受含氧血液，哺乳动物的大部分血容量由营养动脉提供（~ 50-70%）。通过营养动脉经过的营养管的尺寸，可以估计进入这些骨骼的血流量。不幸的是，测量这些管的尺寸是非侵入性的（即没有物理切片）是困难的，因此研究人员依赖于更容易看到的骨骼代用物。具体来说，营养动脉的大小是根据营养管的骨膜（外部）开口的尺寸（例如最小直径）来估计的。这种方法也被一些比较形态学家和古生物学家所利用，因为营养管的开口在维管软组织退化很久之后才出现。关于营养动脉和营养管的文献很少，大多数研究都是由外科手术的解剖描述组成的，只有少数研究营养管形态与生理或行为之间的联系。本研究的主要目的是评估具有已知生理和行为差异的小鼠股骨营养管形态；具体来说，小鼠从人工选择实验中获得了高自愿跑轮行为。来自4个重复高跑者（HR）系的小鼠在运动和代谢活动方面与4个非选择对照(C)系不同，HR系小鼠在强制跑步机运动中具有更高的自主轮跑行为和最大有氧能力（VO2max）。对第11代成年小鼠（平均年龄7.5个月）的股骨进行了μCT扫描，并测量了营养管道的三维虚拟重建，以获得最小横截面积，作为血液流动的骨骼代理。总的观察表明，营养管道在数量和形状上的变化比先前的描述所表明的要大得多，而不考虑性别或遗传背景（即HR系与C系）。椎管采用非线性形状和路径，从骨膜到骨膜边界穿过皮质，偶尔甚至在皮质骨内分支。此外，来自HR系和C系的小鼠平均每根股骨有4个以上的营养通道，而先前文献中描述的大鼠、猪和人类股骨有1到2个营养通道。HR系小鼠的营养管总面积明显大于C系，这不是营养管数量增加的结果，而是其平均横截面大小增加的结果。该研究表明，具有运动活动和最大有氧代谢率增加的进化史的小鼠，其股营养管的大小也随之增加。虽然营养管大小的主要决定因素目前尚不清楚，但目前的结果支持在比较研究中使用营养管大小作为有氧支持体力活动水平的骨骼指标。
Bone modeling and remodeling are aerobic processes that entail relatively high oxygen demands. Long bones receive oxygenated blood from nutrient arteries, epiphyseal‐metaphyseal arteries, and periosteal arteries, with the nutrient artery supplying the bulk of total blood volume in mammals (~ 50–70%). Estimates of blood flow into these bones can be made from the dimensions of the nutrient canal, through which nutrient arteries pass. Unfortunately, measuring these canal dimensions non‐invasively (i.e. without physical sectioning) is difficult, and thus researchers have relied on more readily visible skeletal proxies. Specifically, the size of the nutrient artery has been estimated from dimensions (e.g. minimum diameters) of the periosteal (external) opening of the nutrient canal. This approach has also been utilized by some comparative morphologists and paleontologists, as the opening of a nutrient canal is present long after the vascular soft tissue has degenerated. The literature on nutrient arteries and canals is sparse, with most studies consisting of anatomical descriptions from surgical proceedings, and only a few investigating the links between nutrient canal morphology and physiology or behavior. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate femur nutrient canal morphology in mice with known physiological and behavioral differences; specifically, mice from an artificial selection experiment for high voluntary wheel‐running behavior. Mice from four replicate high runner (HR) lines are known to differ from four non‐selected control (C) lines in both locomotor and metabolic activity, with HR mice having increased voluntary wheel‐running behavior and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) during forced treadmill exercise. Femora from adult mice (average age 7.5 months) of the 11th generation of this selection experiment were μCT‐scanned and three‐dimensional virtual reconstructions of nutrient canals were measured for minimum cross‐sectional area as a skeletal proxy of blood flow. Gross observations revealed that nutrient canals varied far more in number and shape than prior descriptions would indicate, regardless of sex or genetic background (i.e. HR vs. C lines). Canals adopted non‐linear shapes and paths as they traversed from the periosteal to endosteal borders through the cortex, occasionally even branching within the cortical bone. Additionally, mice from both HR and C lines averaged more than four nutrient canals per femur, in contrast to the one to two nutrient canals described for femora from rats, pigs, and humans in prior literature. Mice from HR lines had significantly larger total nutrient canal area than C lines, which was the result not of an increase in the number of nutrient canals, but rather an increase in their average cross‐section size. This study demonstrates that mice with an evolutionary history of increased locomotor activity and maximal aerobic metabolic rate have a concomitant increase in the size of their femoral nutrient canals. Although the primary determinant of nutrient canal size is currently not well understood, the present results bolster use of nutrient canal size as a skeletal indicator of aerobically supported levels of physical activity in comparative studies.
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影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Regenberg B;Grotkjaer T;Winther O;Fausbøll A;Akesson M;Bro C;Hansen LK;Brunak S;Nielsen J
通讯作者：
Nielsen J
四肢骨干结构遗传变异的功能意义。
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Wallace,IanJ;Middleton,KevinM;Lublinsky,Svetlana;Kelly,ScottA;Judex,Stefan;GarlandJr,Theodore;Demes,Brigitte
通讯作者：
Demes,Brigitte
茜草饲喂猪长骨营养孔的位置和营养管的方向。
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Carrick G. Payton
通讯作者：
Carrick G. Payton
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.1060
发表时间：
2009-01-22
期刊：
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Puurtinen M;Mappes T
通讯作者：
Mappes T
选择性饲养的高自愿轮跑家鼠品系的最大耗氧量与从属特征的关系。
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
E. Rezende;F. Gomes;Jessica L. Malisch;M. Chappell;T. Garland
通讯作者：
T. Garland