Between-group competition and human cooperation.
Between-group competition and human cooperation.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.1060
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发表时间：
2009-01-22
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mappes T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Puurtinen M;Mappes T
人类行为的一个显著特征是在不相关的个体之间广泛发生合作。解释维持代价高昂的群体内部合作是一项挑战，因为搭便车的动机预计会导致合作的衰退。然而，如果在更高的组织层次上存在竞争，合作的成本就可以减少或克服。在这里，我们表明群体之间的竞争解决了典型的“公共产品”社会困境，并增加了群体内部的合作和整体生产力。此外，群体竞争加剧了与违反合作规范有关的愤怒和内疚的道德情绪。研究结果表明，群体冲突在人类合作和道德情感的进化过程中起着重要作用。
A distinctive feature of human behaviour is the widespread occurrence of cooperation among unrelated individuals. Explaining the maintenance of costly within-group cooperation is a challenge because the incentive to free ride on the efforts of other group members is expected to lead to decay of cooperation. However, the costs of cooperation can be diminished or overcome when there is competition at a higher level of organizational hierarchy. Here we show that competition between groups resolves the paradigmatic ‘public goods’ social dilemma and increases within-group cooperation and overall productivity. Further, group competition intensifies the moral emotions of anger and guilt associated with violations of the cooperative norm. The results suggest an important role for group conflict in the evolution of human cooperation and moral emotions.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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