Visual error signals from the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract guide motor learning for smooth pursuit.

Visual error signals from the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract guide motor learning for smooth pursuit.
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来自视束顶盖前核的视觉误差信号指导运动学习以实现顺利追踪。

DOI:
10.1152/jn.01024.2009
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发表时间:
2010
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Mustari,MichaelJ
Mustari,MichaelJ
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ono,Seiji;Mustari,MichaelJ

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平滑追踪(SP)眼球运动用于保持中心凹上或附近的运动物体的图像。视觉运动信号有助于SP的驱动,是SP适应所必需的。支持SP适应的视觉错误信号的来源尚不完全清楚,但可能涉及具有方向选择性视觉运动反应的皮质和脑干区的神经元。这里我们重点研究视束顶盖前核(NOT),它在SP期间编码视网膜错误信息。本研究的目的是探讨NOT在SP适应中的作用。SP适应通常使用两步速度坡道(双步范例)产生,其中目标速度在试验开始后100毫秒增加或减少。在我们的研究中,我们在左侧提供了一个简短的(200ms)微电刺激(ES)序列,以避免在两步范式中出现第二个目标速度的时间点引入方向错误信号。目标被扑灭的时间与ES列车的启动时间不谋而合。最初的眼球加速(第一个100ms)在100次试验后显示出显著的增加,其中包括正在进行的向左(向左)方向的追逐过程中的Left Not刺激。相反,在对比性(向右)SP期间,重复左侧非刺激后,初始眼球加速度显著降低。使用与前文相同的周期不刺激,但没有伴随SP的对照研究没有引起眼球加速的变化。相反,未与活性SP配对的ES导致眼球加速度的逐渐变化,类似于在双步骤范式中观察到的变化。因此,我们的研究结果支持NOT是指导水平SP运动学习的视觉错误信息的重要来源的观点。
Smooth pursuit (SP) eye movements are used to maintain the image of a moving object on or near the fovea. Visual motion signals aid in driving SP and are necessary for its adaptation. The sources of visual error signals that support SP adaptation are incompletely understood but could involve neurons in cortical and brain stem areas with direction selective visual motion responses. Here we focus on the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), which encodes retinal error information during SP. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of the NOT in SP adaptation. SP adaptation is typically produced using a double step of velocity ramp (double-step paradigm), where target speed either increases or decreases 100 ms after the beginning of a trial. In our study, we delivered a brief (200 ms) train of microelectrical stimulation (ES) in the left NOT to introduce directional error signals at the point in time where a second target speed would appear in a double-step paradigm. The target was extinguished coincidentally with the onset of the ES train. Initial eye acceleration (1st 100 ms) showed significant increases after 100 trials, which included left NOT stimulation during ongoing pursuit in an ipsiversive (leftward) direction. In contrast, initial eye acceleration showed significant decreases after repeated left NOT stimulation during contraversive (rightward) SP. Control studies performed using the same periodicity of NOT stimulation as in the preceding text but without accompanying SP did not induce changes in eye acceleration. In contrast, ES of the NOT paired with active SP produced gradual changes in eye acceleration similar to that observed in double-step paradigm. Therefore our findings support the suggestion that the NOT is an important source of visual error information for guiding motor learning during horizontal SP.
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