An Examination of Age-Based Stereotype Threat About Cognitive Decline.
An Examination of Age-Based Stereotype Threat About Cognitive Decline.
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691616656345
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发表时间：
2017-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barber SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barber SJ
“刻板印象威胁”通常被视为一种单一的构念，其调节因素和机制在不同群体和领域中是稳定的。然而，情况并非总是如此。为了说明这一点，本篇综述聚焦于老年人在其认知能力方面所面临的刻板印象威胁。利用多重威胁框架，我首先提供证据表明这是一种自我概念威胁，而非群体声誉威胁。因为这与其他群体所经历的威胁形式不同（例如，少数族裔学生在其智力能力方面所面临的威胁），在其他群体中观察到的威胁调节因素（即群体认同）并不总是适用于基于年龄的有关认知衰退的刻板印象威胁。除了所引发的威胁形式之外，这篇综述还提供证据表明，刻板印象威胁效应背后的机制可能在整个生命周期中有所不同。由于情绪调节能力随年龄增长而提高，刻板印象威胁似乎并不会减少老年人的执行控制资源。总体而言，这篇综述强调了更细致地研究刻板印象威胁这一概念的必要性。这将使我们能够设计出更有效的刻板印象威胁干预措施。它还将阐明为什么某些效应在不同领域或群体中“无法重复”。
“Stereotype threat” is often thought of as a singular construct, with moderators and mechanisms that are stable across groups and domains. However, this is not always true. To illustrate this, the current review focuses on the stereotype threat that older adults face about their cognitive abilities. Using Multi-Threat Framework, I first provide evidence that this is a self-concept threat, and not a group-reputation threat. Because this differs from the form(s) of threat experienced by other groups (e.g., the threat that minority students face about their intellectual abilities), the moderators of threat observed in other groups (i.e., group identification) do not always generalize to age-based stereotype threat about cognitive decline. Looking beyond the form(s) of threat elicited, this review also provides evidence that the mechanisms underlying stereotype threat effects may vary across the lifespan. Due to age-related improvements in emotion regulation abilities, stereotype threat does not seem to reduce older adults' executive control resources. Overall, this review highlights the need to approach the concept of stereotype threat with more granularity. This will allow us to design more effective stereotype threat interventions. It will also shed light on why certain effects “fail to replicate” across domains or groups.
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