Source-To-Sink Transport of Sugar and Its Role in Male Reproductive Development.
Source-To-Sink Transport of Sugar and Its Role in Male Reproductive Development.
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蔗糖在叶片叶肉细胞中通过光合作用产生，并通过韧皮部输出到非光合库组织。谷类作物从源到库的长距离运输的分子基础是重要的，因为它直接影响到谷物产量--对雄性育性至关重要的花粉粒充满了含糖的淀粉，并依赖于源叶的长距离糖分运输。在这里，我们概述了水稻韧皮部运输中的糖分配，特别是在与雄性生殖发育相关的地方。源叶和库组织中韧皮部的加载和卸载使用共生体、质外体和/或聚合物捕获途径的组合。共生体和聚合物的捕获途径是被动过程，与源活度和糖梯度相关。相反，质外体韧皮部的装卸涉及一些活跃的过程和几种蛋白质，包括蔗糖转运蛋白(SUTS)、糖最终将被输出转运蛋白(SCETS)、转化酶(INVS)和单糖转运蛋白(MSTs)。许多转录因子结合在一起形成了一个复杂的网络，如与一个手指11(DOF11)的DNA结合，碳饥饿花药(CSA)和CSA2，它调节正常雄性生殖发育中的糖代谢，并对环境信号的变化，如光周期做出反应。
Sucrose is produced in leaf mesophyll cells via photosynthesis and exported to non-photosynthetic sink tissues through the phloem. The molecular basis of source-to-sink long-distance transport in cereal crop plants is of importance due to its direct influence on grain yield—pollen grains, essential for male fertility, are filled with sugary starch, and rely on long-distance sugar transport from source leaves. Here, we overview sugar partitioning via phloem transport in rice, especially where relevant for male reproductive development. Phloem loading and unloading in source leaves and sink tissues uses a combination of the symplastic, apoplastic, and/or polymer trapping pathways. The symplastic and polymer trapping pathways are passive processes, correlated with source activity and sugar gradients. In contrast, apoplastic phloem loading/unloading involves active processes and several proteins, including SUcrose Transporters (SUTs), Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs), Invertases (INVs), and MonoSaccharide Transporters (MSTs). Numerous transcription factors combine to create a complex network, such as DNA binding with One Finger 11 (DOF11), Carbon Starved Anther (CSA), and CSA2, which regulates sugar metabolism in normal male reproductive development and in response to changes in environmental signals, such as photoperiod.
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