The effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on learning and related neurobiology in humans and rodents.

The effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on learning and related neurobiology in humans and rodents.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107234
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发表时间:
2020-07
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Gould TJ
Gould TJ
中科院分区:
心理学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Seemiller LR;Gould TJ

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青少年饮酒在美国是一个普遍的问题。对于人类和啮齿动物来说,酒精都会损害由前额叶皮质(PFC)和海马体(HC)等前脑区域介导的学习和记忆过程。青春期是一个经常开始使用酒精的时期,也是一个对酒精的有害影响特别敏感的时期。青春期暴露于酒精可导致PFC和HC神经生物学的持续改变,这些改变与认知障碍有关,包括啮齿动物模型中神经发生、炎症和各种神经递质系统的变化。与此相一致的是,青少年长期接触酒精会导致PFC依赖性学习障碍,并持续到成年。也有报道称,青少年酒精暴露后成人HC依赖性学习存在缺陷,但这些发现不太一致。总的来说,本次审查中总结的证据表明,青少年接触酒精会对前脑依赖的认知过程产生长期的有害影响。
Adolescent alcohol use is a widespread problem in the United States. In both humans and rodents, alcohol can impair learning and memory processes mediated by forebrain areas such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC). Adolescence is a period in which alcohol use often begins, and it is also a time that can be uniquely sensitive to the detrimental effects of alcohol. Exposure to alcohol during adolescence can cause persisting alterations in PFC and HC neurobiology that are linked to cognitive impairments, including changes in neurogenesis, inflammation, and various neurotransmitter systems in rodent models. Consistent with this, chronic adolescent alcohol exposure can cause PFC-dependent learning impairments that persist into adulthood. Deficits in adult HC-dependent learning after adolescent alcohol exposure have also been reported, but these findings are less consistent. Overall, evidence summarized in this review indicates that adolescent exposure to alcohol can produce long-term detrimental effects on forebrain-dependent cognitive processes.
乙醇暴露对提示和上下文恐惧条件和灭绝的后果因青春期或成年期暴露时间而有所不同。
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