A simple and novel method to monitor breathing and heart rate in awake and urethane-anesthetized newborn rodents.
A simple and novel method to monitor breathing and heart rate in awake and urethane-anesthetized newborn rodents.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0062628
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Yang JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zehendner CM;Luhmann HJ;Yang JW
啮齿类动物出生时处于相对不成熟的状态，是研究早期发育生理和病理生理过程最有用的模型。然而，只有少数技术可用于监测新生啮齿动物的非侵入性心率和呼吸频率，而不限制或阻碍接近动物。在这里，我们描述的实验程序，允许心电图（ECG）和呼吸频率的监测与压电换能器（PZT）元件，而不妨碍访问的动物。这些技术可以很容易地安装，并在本研究中使用的无限制的清醒和麻醉新生C57/B16小鼠和Wistar大鼠出生后第0天和第7天之间。与先前的报告从清醒的啮齿类动物，我们证明，在大鼠和小鼠的心率增加，在出生后的第一周。两个物种之间的呼吸频率没有差异，但小鼠的心率明显高于大鼠。此外，我们的数据表明，氨基甲酸乙酯，一种广泛用于麻醉的药物，在新生儿中诱导通气不足，而心率在1 g/kg体重的剂量下不受影响。值得注意的是，在出生后0/1的大鼠中未检测到乌拉坦诱导的肺通气不足。为了验证检测到的换气不足，我们进行了血气分析。我们检测到呼吸性酸中毒反映了较低的pH值和升高水平的CO2张力（pCO 2）在两个物种后，氨基甲酸乙酯治疗。此外，我们发现尿烷在P0/1小鼠和大鼠中的代谢是不同的，在两种物种中P0/1和P6/7之间也是不同的。我们的研究结果强调了麻醉期间监测新生儿基本心肺参数的有用性。此外，我们的研究还提供了新生小鼠和大鼠心脏和呼吸频率发育变化的信息，以及出生后第一周尿烷对这两种物种的影响。
Rodents are most useful models to study physiological and pathophysiological processes in early development, because they are born in a relatively immature state. However, only few techniques are available to monitor non-invasively heart frequency and respiratory rate in neonatal rodents without restraining or hindering access to the animal. Here we describe experimental procedures that allow monitoring of heart frequency by electrocardiography (ECG) and breathing rate with a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) element without hindering access to the animal. These techniques can be easily installed and are used in the present study in unrestrained awake and anesthetized neonatal C57/Bl6 mice and Wistar rats between postnatal day 0 and 7. In line with previous reports from awake rodents we demonstrate that heart rate in rats and mice increases during the first postnatal week. Respiratory frequency did not differ between both species, but heart rate was significantly higher in mice than in rats. Further our data indicate that urethane, an agent that is widely used for anesthesia, induces a hypoventilation in neonates whilst heart rate remains unaffected at a dose of 1 g per kg body weight. Of note, hypoventilation induced by urethane was not detected in rats at postnatal 0/1. To verify the detected hypoventilation we performed blood gas analyses. We detected a respiratory acidosis reflected by a lower pH and elevated level in CO2 tension (pCO2) in both species upon urethane treatment. Furthermore we found that metabolism of urethane is different in P0/1 mice and rats and between P0/1 and P6/7 in both species. Our findings underline the usefulness of monitoring basic cardio-respiratory parameters in neonates during anesthesia. In addition our study gives information on developmental changes in heart and breathing frequency in newborn mice and rats and the effects of urethane in both species during the first postnatal week.
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