Association of Childhood Blood Lead Levels With Criminal Offending.
Association of Childhood Blood Lead Levels With Criminal Offending.
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DOI：
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.4005
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
26.1
通讯作者：
Moffitt TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beckley AL;Caspi A;Broadbent J;Harrington H;Houts RM;Poulton R;Ramrakha S;Reuben A;Moffitt TE
铅是一种神经毒素，对健康的影响有充分的证据。研究表明，铅可能与犯罪行为有关。这种联系很难从低社会经济地位中解脱出来，这是铅暴露和犯罪的一个因素。在儿童血铅水平与社会经济地位无关的情况下，检验儿童血铅水平（BLL）与（1）刑事定罪、（2）累犯（重复定罪）、（3）暴力定罪和（4）各种自我报告的刑事犯罪风险更大相关的假设。前瞻性队列研究基于1972-73年出生队列的人群代表性研究;达尼丁多学科健康与发展研究观察了38岁的参与者。达尼丁，新西兰达尼丁研究BLL的553名铅测试成员，在11岁时测量。正式刑事定罪累计至38岁（2013年收集的数据）。一次定罪或累犯。非暴力或暴力犯罪定罪。在15岁，18岁，21岁，26岁，32岁和38岁时自我报告的各种犯罪类型。参与者包括553名在11岁时接受过铅测试的人（54%为男性）。11岁时的平均（SD）BLL为11.01（4.62）μg/dL。结果患病率为：刑事定罪，28%，累犯，16%，暴力定罪，10%。自我报告的犯罪种类在每次评估中从0到10不等，并遵循完善的年龄-犯罪曲线。BLL对刑事定罪的预测作用较差（AUC .58）。总体而言，BLL和定罪结果之间的关联很弱。BLL的估计效果是低于累犯比单一定罪和暴力犯罪比非暴力犯罪低。在15岁时，6个自我报告的犯罪结果中，只有一个的BLL之间的性别调整关联达到统计学显著性（r=0.10; 95%CI，0.01，0.18; P = 0.023）。本研究克服了过去的局限性，研究的BLL和犯罪的关联，在一个地方和时间的关系是不混淆的儿童社会经济地位的研究。研究结果未能支持BLL和相应的刑事犯罪之间的剂量反应关联。
Lead is a neurotoxin with well-documented effects on health. Research suggests lead may be associated with criminal behavior. This association is difficult to disentangle from low socioeconomic status, a factor in both lead exposure and offending. To test the hypothesis that higher childhood blood-lead level (BLL) is associated with greater risk of (1) criminal conviction, (2) recidivism (repeat conviction), (3) violent conviction, and (4) variety of self-reported criminal offending, in a setting where BLL was not associated with low socioeconomic status (SES). Prospective cohort study based on a population-representative 1972–73 birth cohort; the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study observed participants to age 38 years. Dunedin, New Zealand 553 lead-tested members of the Dunedin Study BLL measured at age 11 years. Official criminal conviction cumulative to age 38 years (data collected in 2013). Single conviction or recidivism. Nonviolent or violent crime conviction. Self-reported variety of crime types at ages 15, 18, 21, 26, 32, and 38 years. Participants included 553 individuals who had been lead-tested at age 11 years (54% male). Mean (SD) BLL at age 11 years was 11.01 (4.62) μg/dL. Outcome prevalence was: criminal conviction, 28%; recidivism, 16%; violent conviction, 10%. Self-reported offending variety ranged from 0–10 at each assessment and followed the well-established age-crime curve. BLL was a poor predictor of criminal conviction (AUC .58). Overall, associations between BLL and conviction outcomes were weak. Estimated effect of BLL was lower for recidivism than for single conviction and lower for violent offending than nonviolent offending. Sex-adjusted associations between BLL reached statistical significance for only one of the six self-reported offending outcomes, at age 15 years (r=0.10; 95%CI, 0.01, 0.18; P = .023). This study overcomes past limitations of studies of BLL and crime by studying the association in a place and time where the relation was not confounded by childhood socioeconomic status. Findings failed to support a dose-response association between BLL and consequential criminal offending.
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-10-24
发表时间：
2011-03-30
期刊：
Environmental health : a global access science source
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mazumdar M;Bellinger DC;Gregas M;Abanilla K;Bacic J;Needleman HL
通讯作者：
Needleman HL
对儿童铅暴露最敏感的年龄：一种新的统计方法。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Hornung, Richard W.;Lanphear, Bruce P.;Dietrich, Kim N.
通讯作者：
Dietrich, Kim N.
影响因子：
8
作者：
Jones, Robert L.;Homa, David M.;Brown, Mary Jean
通讯作者：
Brown, Mary Jean
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
BELLINGER, D;LEVITON, A;RABINOWITZ, M
通讯作者：
RABINOWITZ, M
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm6525e1
发表时间：
2016-07-01
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kennedy, Chinaro;Yard, Ellen;Breysse, Patrick
通讯作者：
Breysse, Patrick