Immunobiology of Carbohydrates: Implications for Novel Vaccine and Adjuvant Design Against Infectious Diseases.
Immunobiology of Carbohydrates: Implications for Novel Vaccine and Adjuvant Design Against Infectious Diseases.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2021.808005
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Lay L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stefanetti G;Borriello F;Richichi B;Zanoni I;Lay L
碳水化合物是几乎所有活细胞表面上表达的普遍存在的分子，并且它们与碳水化合物结合蛋白的相互作用对于许多免疫生物学过程是至关重要的。碳水化合物在许多针对细菌病原体的许可疫苗中用作抗原。最近，它们也被认为是佐剂。有趣的是，与其他类型的疫苗不同，佐剂仅在少数情况下改善了人类对碳水化合物疫苗的免疫应答。此外，尽管在过去几年中发现了许多新的佐剂，但在需要时，铝盐仍然是基于碳水化合物的疫苗的唯一授权佐剂。在这篇综述中，我们强调了使用聚糖作为疫苗抗原或佐剂的历史和最新进展，并回顾了使用目前可用的佐剂来提高基于碳水化合物的疫苗的效力。更好地了解碳水化合物与先天性和适应性免疫细胞相互作用的机制将有助于设计新一代基于聚糖的疫苗和免疫调节剂，以对抗长期存在的和新出现的疾病。
Carbohydrates are ubiquitous molecules expressed on the surface of nearly all living cells, and their interaction with carbohydrate-binding proteins is critical to many immunobiological processes. Carbohydrates are utilized as antigens in many licensed vaccines against bacterial pathogens. More recently, they have also been considered as adjuvants. Interestingly, unlike other types of vaccines, adjuvants have improved immune response to carbohydrate-based vaccine in humans only in a few cases. Furthermore, despite the discovery of many new adjuvants in the last years, aluminum salts, when needed, remain the only authorized adjuvant for carbohydrate-based vaccines. In this review, we highlight historical and recent advances on the use of glycans either as vaccine antigens or adjuvants, and we review the use of currently available adjuvants to improve the efficacy of carbohydrate-based vaccines. A better understanding of the mechanism of carbohydrate interaction with innate and adaptive immune cells will benefit the design of a new generation of glycan-based vaccines and of immunomodulators to fight both longstanding and emerging diseases.
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